Table 1.

The function of MSCs in mediating immune cells both in innate and adaptive immune systems.

Immune cell type	MSC functions
Innate immune systems
DCs	Inhibiting DC migration, activation, differentiation, maturation, and endocytosis
NK cell	Inhibiting NK cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and activation
Macrophage	Activating M2 macrophage polarization in general; activating M1 macrophage polarization in specific microenvironment
Adaptive immune systems
T cell	Inhibiting T-cell survival proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and activation, while accelerating T-cell recruitment
B cell	Inhibiting B-cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, chemotaxis, and activation