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. 2018 Jun 28;11:35. doi: 10.1186/s13041-018-0379-2

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus in mice. a Time course of the effect of morphine on scratching behavior over 30 min. Intrathecal administration of 0.5 μg morphine induced an obvious scratching response in mice, with the peak presenting in the first 5 min post-injection. b Dose effect of morphine on the total number of scratches in 30 min. Intrathecal administration of 0.5 μg morphine caused significant pruritus in mice compared with the other treatments. c & d Time course of the effects of intrathecal NMDA on scratching behavior over 30 min. NMDA from 0.005 nmol to 5 nmol could not induce scratching responses in mice at any time point or in 30 min. Error bars represent SEM. *: p<0.05, compared to the NS group