Table 1.

Examples of the four types of messages shown to participants about using sunscreen

Message type	Example
Fact	‘In USA, sunscreen products are regulated as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA has several safety and effectiveness regulations in place that govern the manufacture and marketing of all sunscreen products, including safety data on its ingredients.’
How	‘Apply liberally and evenly to all exposed skin. The average adult in a bathing suit should use approximately one ounce of sunscreen per application. Not using enough will reduce the product’s SPF and the protection you get. Be sure to cover often-missed spots: lips, ears, around eyes, neck, scalp if hair is thinning, hands and feet.’
Gain	‘Daily application of broad spectrum sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher has been clinically demonstrated to keep skin looking younger, more elastic and healthier. Maintaining good habits about using sunscreen is crucial for having beautiful skin for years to come, that not only looks better but is more likely to remain healthy.’
Loss	‘Studies have found that inconsistent use of sunscreen is associated with a number of skin issues. These include, but are not limited to, wrinkling, sagging, splotchy, leathery, uneven skin. To avoid these issues, you should apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher to any and all skin that will be exposed to the sun.’