Figure 1.

Historical distribution of North American wolves from Chambers et al. (2012). In this version of the taxonomy, the red wolf (Canis rufus) is considered a separate species from gray wolves (Canis lupus), which are divided into 5 subspecies. The boundary between the red wolf and the eastern wolf, Canis l. lycaon, is uncertain, especially in the upper third of the C. rufus range shown here (from about Pennsylvania north). The other native wolf-like canid in North America, the coyote (C. latrans), is not shown here.