Table 1.
Participants’ demographics, clinical characteristics and radioligand injection parameters in a PET study of dopamine release in CHR and schizophrenia
| Healthy volunteers n = 12 | CHR n = 14 | Schizophrenia n = 14 | Comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Gender, male/female | 7/5 | 6/8 | 8/6 | χ2 = 0.81, P = 0.67 |
| Age, years (SD) | 26.00 (6.49) | 22.07 (3.38) | 28.29 (6.09)b | F(2,37) = 4.66, P = 0.016 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| SOPS, mean (SD) | ||||
| Positive | – | 10.71 (3.45) | − | − |
| Negative | – | 9.43 (6.22) | − | − |
| Disorganized | – | 3.86 (1.75) | − | − |
| General | – | 6.71 (3.67) | − | − |
| PANSS, mean (SD) | ||||
| Positive | – | − | 17.57 (3.30) | − |
| Negative | – | − | 16.14 (7.16) | − |
| General | – | − | 35.64 (8.37) | − |
| Medication | ||||
| Antidepressants | – | 3 | 1 | − |
| Anxiolytics | – | 0 | 1 | − |
| Low dose antipsychotics | – | 0 | 1c | − |
| PET measures (11C-FLB457) | ||||
| Amount injected, mCi (SD) | ||||
| Control task | 9.83 (0.78) | 9.92 (0.58) | 10.18 (0.45) | F(2,37) = 1.21, P = 0.31 |
| Stress task | 10.28 (0.52) | 10.06 (0.58) | 10.11 (0.80) | F(2,37) = 0.40, P = 0.68 |
| Specific activity, mCi/µmol (SD) | ||||
| Control task | 3536.85 (1172.20) | 4011.15 (1977.21) | 2738.32 (1107.81) | F(2,37) = 2.61, P = 0.087 |
| Stress task | 3934.05 (1659.07) | 3264.46 (1642.78) | 3503.29 (1599.33) | F(2,37) = 0.55, P = 0.58 |
| Mass injected, µg (SD) | ||||
| Control task | 1.12 (0.29) | 1.11 (0.47) | 1.57 (0.55)a,b | F(2,37) = 4.59, P = 0.017 |
| Stress task | 1.15 (0.54) | 1.42 (0.65) | 1.30 (0.62) | F(2,37) = 0.65, P = 0.53 |
aSignificantly different to healthy volunteers (P ≤ 0.05).
bSignificantly different to CHR (P ≤ 0.05).
cQuetiapine (100 mg) taken only after the PET scan session.
PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SD = standard deviation; SOPS = Scale of Psychosis-risk Symptoms.