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. 2018 May 25;1(2):e1014. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1014

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© 2018 The Authors. JOR Spine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) inhibition at time of intervertebral disc (IVD) injury prevents intradiscal TNFα upregulation at 6 weeks postsurgery. Representative anti‐TNFα immunostained sections for A (annulus fibrosus) and B (nucleus pulposus). C, Quantified TNFα by group. Representative anti‐interleukin (IL)‐1β immunostained sections for D (annulus fibrosus) and E (nucleus pulposus). F, Quantified IL‐1β by group. Green arrows denote immunopositive cells. Scatter plots presents the percentage of immunopositive cells for E (TNFα) and F (IL‐1β). Data presented as mean ± SD. *P < .05, **P < .01, #P < .10 by a one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc