Table 2.
Baseline characteristics for each community (region in Zambia)
| Zambian regions, number (column %) | South African communities, number (column %) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural (low TST) | Other urban (low TST) | Other urban (high TST) | Lusaka (high TST) | SA1 | SA2 | SA3 | SA4 | SA5 | SA6 | SA7 | SA8 | ||
| Sex | Male | 3615 (36) | 2638 (35) | 2354 (35) | 3031 (30) | 1238 (35) | 1229 (32) | 1395 (38) | 1540 (41) | 1476 (38) | 1415 (37) | 1518 (40) | 1486 (39) |
| Female | 6380 (64) | 4812 (65) | 4377 (65) | 7239 (70) | 2314 (65) | 2555 (68) | 2288 (62) | 2198 (59) | 2399 (62) | 2400 (63) | 2244 (60) | 2322 (61) | |
| Age in yearsa | 18–24 | 3339 (33) | 2645 (36) | 2395 (36) | 3790 (37) | 1022 (29) | 975 (26) | 1057 (29) | 1047 (28) | 1121 (29) | 1400 (37) | 1127 (30) | 1070 (28) |
| 25–29 | 1536 (15) | 1273 (17) | 1135 (17) | 1890 (18) | 514 (14) | 564 (15) | 554 (15) | 727 (19) | 653 (17) | 779 (20) | 745 (20) | 689 (18) | |
| 30–34 | 1186 (12) | 979 (13) | 807 (12) | 1323 (13) | 383 (11) | 446 (12) | 454 (12) | 545 (15) | 492 (13) | 526 (14) | 604 (16) | 492 (13) | |
| 35–39 | 926 (9) | 654 (9) | 569 (8) | 857 (8) | 415 (12) | 378 (10) | 314 (8) | 413 (11) | 408 (11) | 341 (9) | 500 (13) | 392 (10) | |
| 40–49 | 1182 (12) | 844 (11) | 763 (11) | 1066 (10) | 659 (19) | 569 (15) | 502 (14) | 583 (16) | 635 (16) | 414 (11) | 456 (12) | 546 (14) | |
| 50+ | 1714 (17) | 977 (13) | 972 (14) | 1223 (12) | 556 (16) | 851 (22) | 800 (22) | 420 (11) | 565 (15) | 353 (9) | 328 (8) | 614 (16) | |
| Reported HIV status b | Positive | 659 (7) | 611 (8) | 475 (7) | 754 (7) | 192 (5) | 275 (7) | 209 (6) | 159 (4) | 297 (8) | 151 (4) | 215 (6) | 326 (9) |
| Negative | 4533 (45) | 3218 (43) | 3408 (51) | 4918 (48) | 1407 (40) | 1639 (43) | 1442 (39) | 935 (25) | 1584 (41) | 1112 (29) | 1499 (40) | 1434 (38) | |
| Never tested | 4475 (45) | 3305 (44) | 2677 (40) | 4384 (43) | 1857 (52) | 1573 (42) | 1865 (51) | 1913 (51) | 1855 (48) | 2123 (56) | 1461 (39) | 1888 (50) | |
| Refuse to say | 328 (3) | 316 (4) | 171 (3) | 214 (2) | 96 (3) | 297 (8) | 167 (5) | 731 (20) | 139 (4) | 429 (11) | 587 (16) | 160 (4) | |
| HIV test c | Positive | 832 (13) | 1015 (22) | 793 (18) | 1374 (17) | 291 (14) | 415 (19) | 132 (16) | 263 (18) | 176 (19) | 23 (14) | 188 (19) | 302 (21) |
| Negative | 5714 (87) | 3567 (78) | 3640 (82) | 6545 (83) | 1843 (86) | 1810 (81) | 698 (84) | 1179 (82) | 768 (81) | 144 (86) | 821 (81) | 1112 (79) | |
| HIV status (derived binary variable) d | Positive | 1168 (14) | 1242 (21) | 976 (17) | 1588 (17) | 363 (13) | 512 (17) | 290 (14) | 376 (18) | 393 (17) | 172 (13) | 359 (16) | 500 (20) |
| Negative | 7110 (86) | 4624 (79) | 4747 (83) | 7535 (83) | 2364 (87) | 2468 (83) | 1811 (86) | 1762 (82) | 1918 (83) | 1190 (87) | 1936 (84) | 2000 (80) | |
| Household wealth index | Very low | 4311 (43) | 1275 (17) | 1070 (16) | 1546 (15) | 57 (2) | 638 (17) | 317 (9) | 940 (25) | 232 (6) | 2110 (55) | 854 (23) | 2472 (65) |
| Low | 2851 (29) | 1469 (20) | 1452 (22) | 4812 (47) | 479 (13) | 1473 (39) | 1133 (31) | 1504 (40) | 565 (15) | 775 (20) | 966 (25) | 521 (14) | |
| Medium | 1805 (18) | 2014 (27) | 1699 (25) | 3143 (31) | 949 (27) | 881 (23) | 1399 (38) | 938 (25) | 856 (22) | 459 (12) | 1577 (42) | 391 (10) | |
| High | 1028 (10) | 2692 (36) | 2510 (37) | 769 (7) | 2067 (58) | 792 (21) | 834 (23) | 356 (10) | 2222 (57) | 471 (13) | 365 (10) | 424 (11) | |
| Education completed | None | 589 (6) | 354 (5) | 305 (5) | 723 (7) | 81 (2) | 186 (5) | 71 (2) | 209 (5) | 92 (2) | 110 (3) | 71 (2) | 319 (8) |
| Primary | 3392 (34) | 1797 (24) | 2055 (31) | 3810 (37) | 802 (22) | 756 (20) | 746 (20) | 851 (23) | 614 (16) | 614 (16) | 682 (18) | 646 (17) | |
| Lower secondary | 2478 (25) | 1918 (26) | 1711 (25) | 2668 (26) | 731 (21) | 669 (18) | 625 (17) | 775 (21) | 608 (16) | 809 (21) | 559 (15) | 694 (18) | |
| Upper secondary | 2793 (28) | 2459 (33) | 1976 (29) | 2484 (24) | 1808 (51) | 1941 (51) | 2096 (57) | 1768 (47) | 2346 (60) | 2121 (56) | 2324 (62) | 2011 (53) | |
| College or University | 743 (7) | 922 (12) | 684 (10) | 585 (6) | 130 (4) | 232 (6) | 145 (4) | 135 (4) | 215 (6) | 161 (4) | 126 (3) | 138 (4) | |
| Prevalent TB | Yes | 39 (0.4) | 50 (0.7) | 34 (0.5) | 69 (0.7) | 79 (2.2) | 87 (2.3) | 92 (2.5) | 116 (3.1) | 108 (2.8) | 73 (1.9) | 56 (1.5) | 91 (2.4) |
| No | 9956 (99.6) | 7400 (99.3) | 6697 (99.5) | 10201 (99.3) | 3473 (97.8) | 3697 (97.7) | 3591 (97.5) | 3622 (96.9) | 3767 (97.2) | 3742 (98.1) | 3706 (98.5) | 3717 (97.6) | |
| On TB treatment | Yes | 39 (0.4) | 57 (0.8) | 40 (0.6) | 86 (0.8) | 32 (0.9) | 71 (1.8) | 33 (0.9) | 37 (1.0) | 51 (1.3) | 36 (0.9) | 17 (0.5) | 23 (0.6) |
| No | 9956 (99.6) | 7393 (99.2) | 6691 (99.4) | 10184 (99.2) | 3520 (99.1) | 3713 (98.1) | 3650 (99.1) | 3701 (99.0) | 3824 (98.7) | 3779 (99.1) | 3745 (99.5) | 3785 (99.4) | |
| Population | 9995 | 7450 | 6731 | 10270 | 3552 | 3784 | 3683 | 3738 | 3875 | 3815 | 3762 | 3808 | |
TST, Tuberculin skin test.
a
401 missing observations for age in Zambia and 19 missing observations for age in South Africa.
b
There was no missing data in this variable.
c
HIV test result was missing in 32% in Zambia and in 66% in South Africa, respectively, because these individuals did not consent to give a blood sample for HIV testing.
d
A derived variable incorporating test result plus self‐report (see Table 1).