Figure 1.

(A) surface stamping/imprinting method where the template i.e., viruses are assembled on stamp and then pressed over pre-polymer layer to generate patterned surface, reproduced with permission from [88]; (B) synthesis of plastic replica of antibodies is shown, in the first step antibody templates are imprinted in nanoparticles; afterwards, the templates are removed and resulting nanoparticles are collected on a stamp for pressing the pre-polymer layer, reproduced with permission from [83]; (C) epitope imprinting; in the first step, the glass surface was modified; the second stage shows the attachment of the peptide and subsequent molecular imprinted polymer MIP formation; then, the glass substrate is removed, and, finally, the attachment to protein through its epitope is shown, reproduced with permission from [87].