Table 3.
Availability of Power Calculation.
| Author, Year | Intervention | Fusion rate | Power Calculation or Sample Size Justification |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLF, structural allograft, instrumented and noninstrumented | |||
| Andersen, 2009 | PLF with fresh frozen allograft Instrumented and noninstrumented | Instrumented: 81% Noninstrumented: 68% at 12 and 24 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| PLF, allograft chips, instrumented | |||
| Ploumis, 2010 | Instrumented PLF with allograft (freeze-dried cancellous chips) with local autograft | 93.7% at 24 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| PLIF, structural allograft, instrumented | |||
| Arnold, 2009 | PLIF without cage but with instrumentation | 98% at 12 and 24 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| Kakiuchi, 1998 | 1-level PLIF with pedicle screws, and hooks and rods, with or without any internal fixation | 91.6% at 24 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| ALIF ± posterior instrumentation, structural allograft, instrumented | |||
| Faundez, 2009 | ALIF combined with rods or translaminar facet screws (no cage) | 82% at 33 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| Slosar, 2007 | Instrumented ALIF with structural allograft (femoral ring) with additional chips in its middle | Grade 1: 82% Grade 2: 7% Grade 3/4: 11% at 24 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| TLIF, structural allograft, instrumented | |||
| Faundez, 2009 | TLIF without cage but with instrumentation | 77% at 33 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| Kim, 2011 | TLIF with Capston cage and instrumentation | Bridwell grade I: 73.2% Bridwell grade II: 23.2% at 32.4 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| Houten, 2006 | Instrumented TLIF with structural allograft and local autograft | 100% at 11 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| ALIF, structural allograft, noninstrumented | |||
| Wetzel, 1993 | ALIF with fibular allograft | 58% at 27 months (plain X-ray) | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| Vamvanij, 1998 | Allograft group: ALIF with fibula allograft Various ICBG control groups, (none standalone ICBG ALIF): ICBG PLF + pedicle screw ICBG PLF + facet screw ICBG ALIF w BAK | 60% at 4.2 years | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| Kumar, 1993 | ALIF with femoral strut allograft | On plain X-rays: 66% On dynamic X-ray: 22% Nonunion: 12% at 24 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| PLF DBM, noninstrumented | |||
| Epstein NE, 2008 | PLF with DBM Osteofil without cage or instrumentation | 82.7% at 12 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| PLF DBM, instrumented | |||
| Epstein NE and JA, 2007 | PLF with DBM Osteofil without cage but with instrumentation | One-level fusions: On 2D-CT 92.6% On dynamic X-ray: 97.9% Two-level fusions: On 2D-CT: 91.1% On dynamic X-ray: 95.6% at up to 12 months until fusion was documented | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| Kang, 2012 | instrumented PLF: DBM Grafton combined w/ local autograft vs ICBG | DBM group: 24 (86%) ICBG group: 12 (92%) at 2 years | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| PLF/PLIF DBM, instrumented | |||
| Sassard, 2000 | PLIF with DBM Grafton without cage but with instrumentation DBM: PLF: 16% PLIF: 84% Control: PLF: 83% PLIF: 17% | DBM: 60% Control: 56% at final FU (24-month radiographs used for final analysis, earlier radiographs used for imputation in case of missing value) | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| TLIF DBM, instrumented | |||
| Park, 2011 | Instrumented TLIF with DBM (OsteofilRT) + local autograft | Grade 1: 50% Grade 2: 27.3% Grade 3: 3% Grade 4: 19.7% at 2 years | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
| ALIF and PLIF, structural allograft and DBM, instrumented | |||
| Vaidya, 2007 | Instrumented ALIF and TLIF with structural allograft and DBM (no DBM brand information available) | 100% at 24 months | No information provided on sample size determination/power |
Abbreviations: PLF, posterior lumbar fusion; PLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusion; ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; CT, computed tomography; TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.