Table 2. Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author year – country | Type of study | Intervention | Intervention time | Sample | Test battery | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Han et al.52(2017) – Korea | Multi-center study, double-blind, randomized, controlled-placebo, two-period, crossover | Multimodal Cognitive Enhancement Therapy- MCET versus Mock-therapy- MT (simulation therapy) | 16 weeks (8 + 8) | N = 32 patients with mild cognitive impairment; N = 32 patients with mild dementia (28 AD, 3 VD, and 1 FTD) | • CDR • MMSE • ADAS-Cog • RMBPC-F • RMBPC-R • GDS • DAD • ADL • IADL |
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| Särkämö et al . 28 (2016) – Finland | Controlled, randomized study | Singing versus Listening versus Usual care | 10 weeks | N = 40 patients with AD, 12 = singing, 14 = listening, 14 = usual care; N = 44 other dementias | • MMSE • WMS-III • CERAD • WAIS-III • BNT • WAB • TMT • FAB |
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| Ceccato et al.53(2012) – Italy | Randomized controlled trial | Sound Training for Attention and Memory in Dementia (STAM-Dem) versus Standard care | 12 weeks | N = 51 patients with dementia | • MMSE • Attentional matrices • Digit-span • MPI and MPD • GDS • CMAI • ADL • GMP • SVAM |
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| Lord and Garner54 (1993) – USA | Randomized Study | Music versus Puzzle versus drawing and painting | 6 months | N = 60 AD | • Questionnaire |
MCI: Mild Cognitive Impairment; CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; ADAS-Cog: Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive Subscale; RMBPC-F: Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist Frequency; RMBPC-R: Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist Reaction; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; DAD: Disability Assessment for Dementia; ADLActivities of Daily Living; IADL: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; VD: Vascular dementia; FTD: Frontotemporal Dementia; WMS-III: Wechsler Memory Scale III; CERAD: Consortium to a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease battery; WAIS-III: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III; BNT: Boston Naming Test; WAB: Western Aphasia Battery; (TMT: Trail Making Test; FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery; STAM-Dem: Sound Training for Attention and Memory in Dementia; MPI and MPD: Immediate and Deferred Prose Memory test; CMAI: Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory; ADL: Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living; GMP: Geriatric Music Therapy Profile; SVAM: Music Therapy Activity Scale.