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. 2018 Jun 29;67(9):1–90. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.ss6709a1

Surveillance for Certain Health Behaviors and Conditions Among States and Selected Local Areas — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015

Cassandra M Pickens 1,2,, Carol Pierannunzi 1, William Garvin 1, Machell Town 1
PMCID: PMC6023179  PMID: 29953431

Abstract

Problem

Chronic conditions and disorders (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and depression) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Healthy behaviors (e.g., physical activity, avoiding cigarette use, and refraining from binge drinking) and preventive practices (e.g., visiting a doctor for a routine check-up, tracking blood pressure, and monitoring blood cholesterol) might help prevent or successfully manage these chronic conditions. Monitoring chronic diseases, health-risk behaviors, and access to and use of health care are fundamental to the development of effective public health programs and policies at the state and local levels.

Reporting Period

January–December 2015.

Description of the System

The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an ongoing, state-based, random-digit–dialed landline- and cellular-telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged ≥18 years residing in the United States. BRFSS collects data on health-risk behaviors, chronic diseases and conditions, access to and use of health care, and use of preventive health services related to the leading causes of death and disability. This report presents results for all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico), and Guam and for 130 metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas (MMSAs) (N = 441,456 respondents) for 2015.

Results

The age-adjusted prevalence estimates of health-risk behaviors, self-reported chronic health conditions, access to and use of health care, and use of preventive health services varied substantially by state, territory, and MMSA in 2015. Results are summarized for selected BRFSS measures. Each set of proportions refers to the median (range) of age-adjusted prevalence estimates for health-risk behaviors, self-reported chronic diseases or conditions, or use of preventive health care services by geographic jurisdiction, as reported by survey respondents. Adults with good or better health: 84.6% (65.9%–88.8%) for states and territories and 85.2% (66.9%–91.3%) for MMSAs. Adults with ≥14 days of poor physical health in the past 30 days: 10.9% (8.2%–17.2%) for states and territories and 10.9% (6.6%–19.1%) for MMSAs. Adults with ≥14 days of poor mental health in the past 30 days: 11.3% (7.3%–15.8%) for states and territories and 11.4% (5.6%–20.5%) for MMSAs. Adults aged 18–64 years with health care coverage: 86.8% (72.0%–93.8%) for states and territories and 86.8% (63.2%–95.7%) for MMSAs. Adults who received a routine physical checkup during the preceding 12 months: 69.0% (58.1%–79.8%) for states and territories and 69.4% (57.1%–81.1%) for MMSAs. Adults who ever had their blood cholesterol checked: 79.1% (73.3%–86.7%) for states and territories and 79.5% (65.1%–87.3%) for MMSAs. Current cigarette smoking among adults: 17.7% (9.0%–27.2%) for states and territories and 17.3% (4.5%–29.5%) for MMSAs. Binge drinking among adults during the preceding 30 days: 17.2% (11.2%–26.0%) for states and territories and 17.4% (5.5%–24.5%) for MMSAs. Adults who reported no leisure-time physical activity during the preceding month: 25.5% (17.6%–47.1%) for states and territories and 24.5% (16.1%–47.3%) for MMSAs. Adults who reported consuming fruit less than once per day during the preceding month: 40.5% (33.3%–55.5%) for states and territories and 40.3% (30.1%–57.3%) for MMSAs. Adults who reported consuming vegetables less than once per day during the preceding month: 22.4% (16.6%–31.3%) for states and territories and 22.3% (13.6%–32.0%) for MMSAs. Adults who have obesity: 29.5% (19.9%–36.0%) for states and territories and 28.5% (17.8%–41.6%) for MMSAs. Adults aged ≥45 years with diagnosed diabetes: 15.9% (11.2%–26.8%) for states and territories and 15.7% (10.5%–27.6%) for MMSAs. Adults aged ≥18 years with a form of arthritis: 22.7% (17.2%–33.6%) for states and territories and 23.2% (12.3%–33.9%) for MMSAs. Adults having had a depressive disorder: 19.0% (9.6%–27.0%) for states and territories and 19.2% (9.9%–27.2%) for MMSAs. Adults with high blood pressure: 29.1% (24.2%–39.9%) for states and territories and 29.0% (19.7%–41.0%) for MMSAs. Adults with high blood cholesterol: 31.8% (27.1%–37.3%) for states and territories and 31.4% (23.2%–42.0%) for MMSAs. Adults aged ≥45 years who have had coronary heart disease: 10.3% (7.2%–16.8%) for states and territories and 10.1% (4.7%–17.8%) for MMSAs. Adults aged ≥45 years who have had a stroke: 4.9% (2.5%–7.5%) for states and territories and 4.7% (2.1%–8.4%) for MMSAs.

Interpretation

The prevalence of health care access and use, health-risk behaviors, and chronic health conditions varied by state, territory, and MMSA. The data in this report underline the importance of continuing to monitor chronic diseases, health-risk behaviors, and access to and use of health care in order to assist in the planning and evaluation of public health programs and policies at the state, territory, and MMSA level.

Public Health Action

State and local health departments and agencies and others interested in health and health care can continue to use BRFSS data to identify groups with or at high risk for chronic conditions, unhealthy behaviors, and limited health care access and use. BRFSS data also can be used to help design, implement, monitor, and evaluate health-related programs and policies.

Introduction

Chronic conditions (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and arthritis) are leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and health care spending in the United States (1,2). Adopting healthy behaviors (e.g., eating a healthy diet, exercising, avoiding tobacco, and refraining from alcohol) and using preventive services (e.g., visiting a doctor, monitoring and treating blood pressure, and monitoring cholesterol) might prevent chronic disease and help effectively manage chronic conditions (2). At the population level, monitoring health behaviors, chronic conditions, and health care use can inform action to address these leading causes of death and disability.

The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an ongoing, state-based survey conducted via landline and cellular telephone. Since 1984, BRFSS has been conducted by U.S. states and territories with technical assistance from CDC. BRFSS is the largest continuously running health-based telephone survey in the world (3). BRFSS is a principal source of data on health-risk behaviors, chronic diseases, and health care access and use at the state and local levels. States, counties, cities, and others use BRFSS data to set objectives, track progress, and evaluate the effectiveness of health-related initiatives. Beginning in 2002, BRFSS has calculated prevalence estimates for selected counties, metropolitan divisions, and metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas (MMSAs). This report contains age-adjusted prevalence estimates for various chronic conditions, health-risk behaviors, and use of preventive health services by state, territory, and selected MMSA for 2015.

Methods

BRFSS is an ongoing, cross-sectional, random-digit–dialed telephone survey that completes approximately 400,000 interviews with adults residing in the United States or its territories each year. BRFSS is conducted by states and territories receiving technical assistance from CDC. BRFSS uses a multistage sampling design to select a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized adult population aged ≥18 years residing within each state and territory. The validity and reliability of the BRFSS survey have been reviewed in detail elsewhere (4).

In 2015, all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam collected both landline and cellular telephone surveys (5). In the landline survey, one adult was randomly chosen from each selected household. In the cellular phone survey, each adult respondent was considered a one-person household (6).

Participants reported their county of residence in the demographics section of the core questionnaire. Persons were assigned to MMSAs on the basis of American National Standards Institute county codes (7). MMSAs are defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (7). This report contains age-adjusted prevalence estimates for general health status, health-risk behaviors, self-reported chronic health conditions, and access to and use of health care for all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam and for 130 MMSAs containing ≥500 total respondents.

Questionnaire

The BRFSS questionnaire consists of three sections: a core component, optional modules, and state-added questions. All questions in the core component and optional modules undergo technical review, cognitive testing, and field testing (6).

States must ask all core component questions without modification (6). In 2015, questions in the BRFSS core component addressed participants’ self-reported health status, number of physically and mentally healthy days in the past 30 days, health care access and use, high blood pressure awareness, high cholesterol awareness, chronic health conditions, demographics, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, arthritis burden, seatbelt use, immunization, and testing for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (6).

In addition to the core questionnaire component, states could include up to 25 optional questionnaire modules. In 2015, a total of 24 optional modules were used by at least one state or territory as follows: adult asthma history (two states), adult human papillomavirus (nine states), anxiety and depression (five states), arthritis management (14 states), breast and cervical cancer screening (seven states), cardiovascular health (five states), caregiver (24 states), childhood asthma prevalence (32 states), clinical breast examination for breast cancer screening (three states), cognitive decline (35 states), colorectal cancer screening (12 states), diabetes (39 states), emotional support and life satisfaction (three states), industry and occupation (25 states), prediabetes (20 states), prostate cancer screening (three states), prostate cancer screening decision making (one state), sexual orientation and gender identity (22 states), shingles (nine states), social context (16 states), sodium or salt-related behavior (10 states), tetanus-diphtheria vaccination in adults (11 states), visual impairment and access to eye care (one state), and random child selection (36 states). The random child selection module collects demographic information on one randomly selected child in the household (data include age, sex, race/ethnicity, and relation of the child to the respondent). This module is also used to randomly select a child for the Asthma Call-back Survey, although various states that use the random child selection module do not participate in the Asthma Call-back Survey (8).

To address state-specific needs, states also can add their own questions to the BRFSS questionnaire. State-added questions were not evaluated by CDC and are not released in public-use data sets (6).

In 2015, certain states used a split questionnaire design. Up to three different questionnaire versions were permitted. Although core questions were required to be used in all versions, state-added questions and optional modules did not have this requirement. Using a split questionnaire design allowed states to include a larger variety of optional modules or state-added questions (6). CDC provided a Spanish translation of the BRFSS core questionnaire and optional modules in 2015. States could translate the BRFSS questionnaire into other languages (6).

Data Collection and Processing

Since 2007, BRFSS surveys have been collected monthly in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam. In 2015, all BRFSS interviews were conducted according to standard protocols, which ensure interview quality and confidentiality (9). Data collected by the states are submitted to CDC for processing, checking, and weighting.

Sampling

A BRFSS sample record was one telephone number in the list of all telephone numbers that were randomly selected for dialing (6). In 2015, Puerto Rico and Guam used simple random sampling to collect their landline samples, and all 50 states and the District of Columbia used disproportionate stratified sampling (DSS) for the landline portion of the sample. In the DSS approach, telephone numbers were separated into two strata (high-density and medium-density) on the basis of the number of listed telephone numbers in their hundred block. Both strata were expected to contain mostly household telephone numbers, but high-density strata were sampled at a higher rate than medium-density strata (6). The DSS design resulted in a probability sample of all households with telephones (6).

Cellular telephone sampling frames were provided by the Telecordia database of telephone exchanges. Cell phone numbers were randomly selected from these sampling frames (6). The target population for the cellular telephone sample was adults aged ≥18 years with a functioning cell phone who resided in a private residence or college housing. The states’ cell phone samples often reached adults who had moved to a different state. These records were transferred to the appropriate state (i.e., the participant’s state of residence) at the end of the year. In 2015, a total of 46 states or territories (all except the District of Columbia, Florida, Guam, North Dakota, Oregon, West Virginia, and Wyoming) sampled disproportionately by geographic stratum to ensure adequate sample sizes in sub-state geographic regions (6).

Data Weighting

Design Weights

BRFSS created design weights that account for unequal selection probabilities, noncoverage, and nonresponse (6). Design weights of dual cell phone and landline users were adjusted to account for the complete overlap of cell phone and landline sampling frames. Design weights were truncated by quartile within geographic region or state (6). BRFSS used weight trimming to reduce the value of extremely high weights and to increase the value of extremely low weights, with the objective of reducing errors in prevalence estimates (6).

Raking

Beginning in 2011, BRFSS data have been weighted using a process known as iterative proportional fitting (“raking”), rather than previous poststratification methods. In the past, BRFSS poststratification weights were based only on three sociodemographic characteristics: age, sex, and race/ethnicity. In contrast, the new raking process permits the inclusion of additional sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., marital status and home ownership) as well as cellular telephone survey data (10). Raking allows the sociodemographic makeup of BRFSS to more closely match the known sociodemographic makeup of states and MMSAs (10).

The 2015 BRFSS data were raked using the following demographic characteristics: sex by age group, race/ ethnicity, education, marital status, home renter/owner, sex by race/ethnicity, age group by race/ethnicity, and phone ownership (6). If states collected BRFSS data by geographic region, then BRFSS data were raked by four additional margins: region, region by age group, region by sex, and region by race/ethnicity (6). BRFSS data were raked to each of these margins in an iterative process until a convergence of a set value was reached.

Persons were assigned to MMSAs on the basis of American National Standards Institute county codes (7). For MMSAs with ≥500 respondents, BRFSS data were raked by five additional margins at the MMSA level: age group, sex, race/ethnicity, sex by age group, and sex by race/ethnicity (7). More detailed information on MMSA weighting is located on the BRFSS SMART webpage (11).

Statistical Analyses

Age adjustment is a standard analytical technique used to compare estimates between populations with different age distributions (e.g., between states) and over time. In this report, prevalence estimates were directly age adjusted so that the reader can compare estimates across states and MMSAs with different age distributions. Age adjusted prevalence estimates were standardized to the 2000 projected U.S. population, which is consistent with recommendations from the CDC National Center for Health Statistics (12).

For prevalence estimates among adults aged ≥18 years, three age adjustment categories were used: 18–44 years (standardized proportion: 0.5305), 45–64 years (standardized proportion: 0.2992), and ≥65 years (standardized proportion: 0.1703). For prevalence estimates among adults aged 18–64 years, two age adjustment categories were used: 18–44 years (standardized proportion: 0.6394) and 45–64 years (standardized proportion: 0.3606). For prevalence estimates among adults aged ≥45 years, four age adjustment categories were used: 45–54 years (standardized proportion: 0.3869), 55–64 years (standardized proportion: 0.2504), 65–74 years (standardized proportion: 0.1895), and ≥75 years (standardized proportion: 0.1732). Age-adjusted prevalence estimates are taken from direct responses and are not the results of modeling. Age was imputed for the limited number of persons who were missing data on age. To account for BRFSS’s complex sampling design, all prevalence estimates in this report were calculated using weights and strata in SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina) or SAS-callable SUDAAN Version 11 (RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina). Crude (unadjusted) estimates for each state and MMSA are available on the BRFSS website (13). Most prior BRFSS reports (i.e., those reporting on 2012 survey data and earlier) included crude prevalence estimates rather than age-adjusted prevalence estimates. The age-adjusted prevalence estimates in this BRFSS report should not be directly compared with crude prevalence estimates in most prior BRFSS reports.

This report presents unweighted sample sizes; age-adjusted, weighted prevalence estimates with standard errors; and 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence of chronic health conditions, health-risk behaviors, and use of preventive health care services by state, territory, and MMSA using 2015 BRFSS data. Only MMSAs with ≥500 respondents are included in this report. County-level estimates are not presented in this report. Modeled small area estimates at the county level will be released at a future date.

If the unweighted sample size of any jurisdiction or subpopulation was <50 or if the relative standard error was >30%, the findings were suppressed to avoid unstable estimates. Relative standard error was calculated by dividing the standard error of the estimated prevalence by the estimated prevalence and multiplying by 100 (for percent). Responses coded as “refused” or “do not know” were excluded from the given analysis.

About This Report

This report presents age-adjusted prevalence estimates and a discussion of the following topics: 1) health status indicators (general health status, poor physical health, poor mental health, and health care coverage for adults aged 18–64 years), 2) preventive practices (recent routine physical checkup, ever having blood cholesterol checked), 3) health-risk behaviors (current cigarette smoking, binge drinking, no leisure-time physical activity, consuming fruit less than once per day, and consuming vegetables less than once per day), and 4) chronic conditions (among adults aged ≥18 years: obesity, arthritis, depressive disorder, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol; among adults aged ≥45 years: diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke). Respondents self-reported their height and weight. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight (in kilograms) by height (in meters) squared. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2. The prevalence of all other chronic conditions was based on self-report of the specific condition: i.e., participants were asked if they had ever been told by a health professional that they had the specific condition. Selected chronic conditions (e.g., coronary heart disease) were evaluated among adults aged ≥45 years because the prevalence of these conditions is so low among adults aged 18–44 years. For instance, the prevalences of coronary heart disease and stroke were less than 1% among adults aged 18–44 years in the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (14).

The 2015 BRFSS questionnaire and all related support documents can be accessed from the BRFSS webpage (15). Crude (unadjusted) prevalence estimates for selected health indicators are presented on the BRFSS website (13).

Results

In 2015, approximately 441,000 adults completed BRFSS interviews via landline or cellular telephone. A total of 254,645 respondents completed landline telephone interviews, and the numbers of participants ranged from 1,259 in Guam to 11,356 in Kansas (median: 4,048). For the cellular telephone survey, a total of 186,811 respondents completed interviews, and the numbers of participants ranged from 410 in Guam to 11,880 in Kansas (median: 2,924).

Response rates for BRFSS were calculated using standards set by the American Association of Public Opinion Research Response Rate Formula 4 (RR4), which is the number of respondents who completed the survey as a proportion of all eligible and likely-eligible persons (16). The RR4 response rate for the landline survey ranged from 31.6% in Alabama to 63.7% in Utah (median: 48.2%), whereas the RR4 response rate for the cellular telephone survey ranged from 33.6% in California to 69.6% in Alaska (median: 47.2%). The RR4 response rate for the combined sample, which was weighted by the respective size of the two samples, ranged from 33.9% in California to 61.1% in Utah (median: 47.2%). More detailed information on response rates, cooperation rates, interview completion rates, and eligibility factors is included in the 2015 BRFSS Summary Data Quality Report (17).

Health Status Indicators

General Health Status

In the 2015 BRFSS, adults aged ≥18 years were asked to rate their general health as poor, fair, good, very good, or excellent. Among 53 states and U.S. territories in 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults who reported good or better health ranged from 65.9% in Puerto Rico to 88.8% in New Hampshire (median: 84.6%) (Table 1). Among 130 metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas (MMSAs) with ≥500 respondents in the 2015 BRFSS, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults reporting good, very good, or excellent health ranged from 66.9% in San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico, to 91.3% in Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont (median: 85.2%) (Table 2).

TABLE 1. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported good or better health, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,911
79.0
0.6
(77.8–80.2)
Alaska
3,647
86.2
0.8
(84.6–87.8)
Arizona
7,928
81.8
0.6
(80.6–83.1)
Arkansas
5,238
77.5
1.0
(75.6–79.4)
California
12,588
82.4
0.4
(81.5–83.2)
Colorado
13,487
86.4
0.5
(85.5–87.3)
Connecticut
11,872
85.9
0.5
(85.0–86.8)
Delaware
4,060
83.2
0.9
(81.4–84.9)
District of Columbia
3,986
87.4
0.9
(85.6–89.3)
Florida
9,709
82.9
0.6
(81.7–84.0)
Georgia
4,667
82.5
0.7
(81.1–83.9)
Hawaii
7,157
86.9
0.5
(85.9–88.0)
Idaho
5,784
86.0
0.6
(84.7–87.2)
Illinois
5,287
84.3
0.7
(83.0–85.6)
Indiana
6,050
82.0
0.7
(80.6–83.5)
Iowa
6,206
87.9
0.5
(86.8–88.9)
Kansas
23,182
85.0
0.3
(84.4–85.5)
Kentucky
8,788
79.3
0.7
(78.0–80.6)
Louisiana
4,704
79.0
0.8
(77.5–80.5)
Maine
9,046
85.0
0.6
(83.7–86.2)
Maryland
12,574
86.8
0.6
(85.6–88.0)
Massachusetts
9,260
86.0
0.5
(84.9–87.0)
Michigan
8,920
83.3
0.5
(82.3–84.3)
Minnesota
16,717
88.2
0.3
(87.5–88.8)
Mississippi
6,014
77.7
0.7
(76.2–79.1)
Missouri
7,292
83.2
0.6
(82.0–84.4)
Montana
6,038
85.8
0.7
(84.5–87.2)
Nebraska
17,539
86.7
0.4
(85.9–87.5)
Nevada
2,916
82.8
1.1
(80.6–85.1)
New Hampshire
7,013
88.8
0.6
(87.6–89.9)
New Jersey
11,427
84.8
0.5
(83.8–85.8)
New Mexico
6,725
80.2
0.7
(78.7–81.6)
New York
12,290
83.8
0.5
(82.9–84.7)
North Carolina
6,677
81.8
0.6
(80.7–82.9)
North Dakota
4,954
86.6
0.6
(85.3–87.8)
Ohio
11,900
84.7
0.6
(83.6–85.8)
Oklahoma
6,920
79.0
0.7
(77.6–80.5)
Oregon
5,333
82.2
0.7
(80.8–83.7)
Pennsylvania
5,723
84.8
0.6
(83.5–86.0)
Rhode Island
6,193
84.6
0.7
(83.2–86.0)
South Carolina
11,546
83.3
0.5
(82.3–84.2)
South Dakota
7,217
87.2
0.7
(85.8–88.6)
Tennessee
5,960
80.1
0.7
(78.7–81.6)
Texas
14,562
80.8
0.6
(79.6–82.0)
Utah
11,376
87.2
0.4
(86.4–88.0)
Vermont
6,471
88.6
0.5
(87.7–89.6)
Virginia
8,623
85.3
0.5
(84.3–86.3)
Washington
16,079
85.7
0.4
(84.9–86.5)
West Virginia
5,940
76.3
0.6
(75.0–77.5)
Wisconsin
6,177
86.1
0.6
(84.9–87.3)
Wyoming
5,474
85.7
0.8
(84.2–87.2)
Guam
1,666
79.5
1.6
(76.5–82.6)
Puerto Rico
5,396
65.9
0.7
(64.5–67.4)
Median

84.6


Range 65.9–88.8

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Respondents were asked to rate general health as poor, fair, good, very good, or excellent. Respondents were classified into two groups: those who reported fair or poor health and those who reported good, very good, or excellent health.

TABLE 2. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported good or better health, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
577
90.1
1.4
(87.4–92.8)
Akron, Ohio
506
87.0
2.1
(82.9–91.1)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
925
87.5
1.6
(84.4–90.6)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,460
83.0
1.3
(80.4–85.6)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
815
82.6
2.7
(77.4–87.9)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,065
86.5
1.3
(84.0–89.1)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
2,035
86.9
0.9
(85.1–88.7)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
791
81.4
2.3
(77.0–85.9)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,868
84.6
1.2
(82.2–87.0)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,608
85.7
1.0
(83.8–87.7)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
646
82.0
1.7
(78.6–85.4)
Billings, Montana
679
86.0
1.7
(82.7–89.3)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,338
81.9
1.3
(79.3–84.4)
Bismarck, North Dakota
875
88.2
1.4
(85.5–90.9)
Boise City, Idaho
1,460
87.8
1.1
(85.6–90.0)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,474
86.3
0.9
(84.4–88.1)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
749
81.4
2.1
(77.3–85.5)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,788
91.3
0.8
(89.8–92.8)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,907
87.7
0.9
(85.9–89.5)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,571
86.2
1.1
(84.0–88.5)
Charleston, West Virginia
885
75.4
1.8
(71.9–78.9)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,578
84.8
1.1
(82.5–87.0)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
2,011
83.1
1.2
(80.8–85.4)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,684
83.6
0.8
(82.0–85.2)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,685
86.9
1.1
(84.8–89.1)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,612
88.8
0.8
(87.2–90.5)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
1,055
83.7
1.7
(80.5–87.0)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
546
87.3
2.8
(81.7–92.8)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,442
82.4
1.5
(79.4–85.4)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,250
86.4
1.2
(84.1–88.7)
Columbus, Ohio
1,805
85.6
1.2
(83.2–87.9)
Corpus Christi, Texas
561
71.9
3.8
(64.5–79.4)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,294
83.5
1.9
(79.8–87.2)
Dayton, Ohio
568
87.8
1.8
(84.4–91.3)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,922
87.5
0.6
(86.3–88.7)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
1,074
88.9
1.3
(86.3–91.4)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
966
83.3
1.8
(79.8–86.7)
El Paso, Texas
760
76.8
1.7
(73.6–80.1)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
994
87.6
1.3
(85.1–90.2)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
817
83.8
2.2
(79.6–88.1)
Florence, South Carolina
527
80.6
2.1
(76.4–84.8)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
610
87.4
1.8
(84.0–90.9)
Grand Island, Nebraska
780
84.0
1.8
(80.5–87.6)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
923
86.3
1.4
(83.5–89.1)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,492
84.5
1.3
(82.1–87.0)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
656
81.3
1.9
(77.6–85.1)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
787
81.5
3.2
(75.2–87.9)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,992
86.9
0.7
(85.4–88.3)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
625
85.8
2.2
(81.5–90.0)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
2,105
80.8
1.7
(77.5–84.0)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,234
75.3
1.6
(72.2–78.3)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
567
87.4
1.7
(84.0–90.8)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
2,005
84.4
1.1
(82.1–86.6)
Jackson, Mississippi
717
76.8
2.0
(72.8–80.8)
Jacksonville, Florida
674
83.0
2.0
(79.0–86.9)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,304
88.0
1.2
(85.7–90.3)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,711
85.6
0.8
(84.1–87.2)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
518
86.3
1.7
(82.9–89.6)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
517
79.2
2.6
(74.2–84.2)
Knoxville, Tennessee
575
82.5
2.0
(78.6–86.4)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,793
91.1
0.8
(89.5–92.8)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,139
79.1
2.1
(75.0–83.3)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
583
89.6
1.4
(86.8–92.3)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,997
80.9
0.9
(79.1–82.7)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,817
80.8
1.5
(77.8–83.8)
Manhattan, Kansas
701
89.0
1.4
(86.3–91.7)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
1,072
80.7
1.8
(77.2–84.3)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
2,092
83.4
1.1
(81.1–85.6)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,640
84.1
1.6
(81.0–87.1)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,674
89.1
0.4
(88.3–90.0)
Minot, North Dakota
519
82.8
2.4
(78.0–87.6)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
516
85.5
2.1
(81.4–89.5)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
1,010
83.4
1.8
(79.9–86.9)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
1,075
86.9
1.3
(84.4–89.4)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,470
88.0
1.1
(85.9–90.2)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,659
84.0
1.0
(82.0–86.1)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
977
81.2
1.5
(78.3–84.2)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
8,312
82.9
0.6
(81.8–84.0)
Norfolk, Nebraska
740
88.9
1.3
(86.3–91.5)
North Platte, Nebraska
657
84.4
1.8
(80.9–87.9)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
942
89.4
1.4
(86.6–92.1)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
2,079
88.3
0.8
(86.7–89.9)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2,031
82.6
1.2
(80.3–84.9)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
4,023
85.7
0.8
(84.1–87.3)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
997
81.7
1.7
(78.4–85.1)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
801
84.0
1.6
(80.9–87.1)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,975
83.0
0.8
(81.5–84.5)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,268
84.2
1.4
(81.6–86.9)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,679
87.5
1.1
(85.4–89.7)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
3,216
83.7
0.9
(81.9–85.6)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
7,090
85.2
0.8
(83.7–86.7)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,779
89.0
0.9
(87.2–90.7)
Raleigh, North Carolina
684
86.7
1.5
(83.8–89.6)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,329
86.4
1.5
(83.6–89.3)
Reno, Nevada
935
84.8
1.6
(81.7–87.9)
Richmond, Virginia
1,372
87.8
1.0
(85.8–89.9)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,493
77.0
1.4
(74.3–79.7)
Rochester, Minnesota
689
91.1
1.1
(88.9–93.3)
Rochester, New York
781
87.1
1.6
(83.9–90.3)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
2,005
88.4
1.2
(86.0–90.7)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
1,033
85.2
1.2
(82.8–87.5)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
631
89.8
1.3
(87.3–92.3)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,231
85.9
1.0
(84.0–87.8)
Salina, Kansas
505
85.9
1.7
(82.6–89.2)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
2,062
82.7
1.6
(79.5–85.8)
Salt Lake City, Utah
4,081
86.5
0.7
(85.2–87.8)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
774
78.0
2.0
(74.1–81.9)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
576
90.7
1.4
(88.0–93.3)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
657
89.2
1.4
(86.4–92.0)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,413
66.9
0.9
(65.1–68.7)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
672
80.3
2.0
(76.3–84.2)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,778
88.1
0.6
(87.0–89.2)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,321
91.3
1.1
(89.1–93.6)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
929
91.0
1.4
(88.3–93.7)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,347
88.3
1.5
(85.4–91.1)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
499
79.6
2.5
(74.7–84.5)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,541
86.5
1.2
(84.2–88.8)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,192
80.9
1.8
(77.4–84.4)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,541
82.4
1.4
(79.6–85.2)
Toledo, Ohio
728
86.5
1.6
(83.4–89.7)
Topeka, Kansas
2,133
83.4
1.0
(81.4–85.5)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,581
79.6
1.5
(76.7–82.5)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
569
76.3
2.1
(72.1–80.5)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,765
85.7
1.0
(83.6–87.7)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
2,109
86.2
0.9
(84.4–88.1)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,961
88.1
0.7
(86.6–89.5)
Wichita, Kansas
4,732
85.2
0.6
(83.9–86.4)
Wichita Falls, Texas
579
80.4
3.4
(73.7–87.1)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,267
83.6
1.2
(81.2–86.1)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,573
83.9
1.3
(81.4–86.5)
Median

85.2


Range 66.9–91.3

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age standardized to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Respondents were asked to rate general health as poor, fair, good, very good, or excellent. Respondents were classified into two groups: those who reported fair or poor health and those who reported good, very good, or excellent health.

§ Metropolitan division.

Poor Physical Health

Respondents aged ≥18 years were asked for how many of the past 30 days their physical health was not good. Poor physical health was defined as physical illness or injury. Among 53 states and U.S. territories in 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults reporting ≥14 days of poor physical health in the past 30 days ranged from 8.2% in North Dakota to 17.2% in West Virginia (median: 10.9%) (Table 3). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 6.6% in San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California, to 19.1% in Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia (median: 10.9%) (Table 4).

TABLE 3. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported ≥14 days of poor physical health in the past 30 days, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,715
14.2
0.5
(13.1–15.2)
Alaska
3,532
9.4
0.7
(8.1–10.7)
Arizona
7,762
11.5
0.5
(10.6–12.5)
Arkansas
5,074
14.1
0.8
(12.6–15.7)
California
12,486
10.9
0.4
(10.2–11.6)
Colorado
13,258
10.4
0.4
(9.7–11.2)
Connecticut
11,690
10.2
0.4
(9.4–11.0)
Delaware
3,965
10.1
0.6
(8.9–11.4)
District of Columbia
3,893
9.9
0.8
(8.3–11.6)
Florida
9,378
13.3
0.5
(12.2–14.3)
Georgia
4,574
11.7
0.6
(10.5–12.9)
Hawaii
7,126
8.7
0.5
(7.8–9.6)
Idaho
5,615
10.5
0.6
(9.4–11.6)
Illinois
5,243
9.9
0.5
(8.9–10.9)
Indiana
5,877
12.9
0.6
(11.6–14.1)
Iowa
6,109
9.1
0.5
(8.2–10.0)
Kansas
22,686
9.5
0.2
(9.1–10.0)
Kentucky
8,609
15.0
0.6
(13.8–16.1)
Louisiana
4,583
13.8
0.6
(12.6–15.1)
Maine
8,833
10.8
0.5
(9.9–11.8)
Maryland
12,295
10.8
0.6
(9.6–12.0)
Massachusetts
9,003
10.4
0.5
(9.5–11.3)
Michigan
8,805
12.2
0.4
(11.4–13.1)
Minnesota
16,460
9.1
0.3
(8.5–9.6)
Mississippi
5,870
14.2
0.6
(13.0–15.4)
Missouri
7,170
13.1
0.6
(12.0–14.2)
Montana
5,934
11.7
0.6
(10.5–12.9)
Nebraska
17,315
9.2
0.3
(8.6–9.9)
Nevada
2,849
12.1
1.0
(10.2–14.0)
New Hampshire
6,878
9.9
0.6
(8.8–11.0)
New Jersey
11,182
9.6
0.4
(8.8–10.4)
New Mexico
6,629
12.9
0.6
(11.8–14.0)
New York
11,926
11.6
0.4
(10.8–12.4)
North Carolina
6,550
12.5
0.5
(11.5–13.4)
North Dakota
4,833
8.2
0.5
(7.2–9.2)
Ohio
11,633
11.2
0.5
(10.3–12.1)
Oklahoma
6,811
14.2
0.6
(13.0–15.4)
Oregon
5,194
12.9
0.6
(11.7–14.0)
Pennsylvania
5,630
10.5
0.5
(9.5–11.6)
Rhode Island
6,026
12.2
0.6
(10.9–13.4)
South Carolina
11,281
12.2
0.4
(11.5–13.0)
South Dakota
7,124
9.3
0.6
(8.1–10.4)
Tennessee
5,791
15.6
0.7
(14.2–16.9)
Texas
14,249
11.0
0.4
(10.1–11.8)
Utah
11,195
9.7
0.3
(9.1–10.4)
Vermont
6,363
10.3
0.5
(9.3–11.3)
Virginia
8,494
9.8
0.4
(9.0–10.6)
Washington
15,826
10.8
0.3
(10.2–11.5)
West Virginia
5,866
17.2
0.6
(16.0–18.3)
Wisconsin
6,119
9.9
0.5
(8.9–10.9)
Wyoming
5,364
11.6
0.7
(10.2–13.0)
Guam
1,660
10.2
1.1
(8.0–12.5)
Puerto Rico
5,380
14.3
0.5
(13.2–15.3)
Median

10.9


Range 8.2–17.2

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Physical illness and injury.

TABLE 4. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported ≥14 days of poor physical health during the past 30 days, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
577
8.8
1.4
(6.1–11.6)
Akron, Ohio
493
11.5
2.1
(7.3–15.6)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
909
10.5
1.3
(8.0–13.0)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,451
10.9
1.0
(8.9–12.8)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
797
12.5
2.1
(8.4–16.7)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,029
8.5
1.0
(6.5–10.6)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,999
8.5
0.8
(7.0–10.0)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
773
13.5
2.2
(9.2–17.7)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,843
9.3
1.0
(7.3–11.3)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,503
11.4
0.9
(9.6–13.3)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
631
13.1
1.5
(10.1–16.1)
Billings, Montana
670
12.7
1.7
(9.3–16.1)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,314
13.0
1.2
(10.6–15.4)
Bismarck, North Dakota
845
8.4
1.3
(5.9–10.9)
Boise City, Idaho
1,431
9.7
1.0
(7.7–11.6)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,381
10.0
0.8
(8.4–11.7)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
733
13.8
1.9
(10.0–17.6)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,762
8.5
0.8
(6.9–10.1)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,846
7.9
0.7
(6.6–9.3)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,544
9.2
0.9
(7.4–11.0)
Charleston, West Virginia
873
17.8
1.6
(14.7–20.9)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,549
10.4
0.9
(8.6–12.3)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,979
11.6
1.0
(9.6–13.5)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,632
10.1
0.6
(8.9–11.3)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,660
11.1
1.1
(9.0–13.2)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,586
11.1
1.1
(8.9–13.4)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
1,039
11.1
1.4
(8.3–13.9)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
540
9.4
2.1
(5.2–13.6)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,416
11.9
1.2
(9.5–14.3)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,227
12.7
1.2
(10.4–15.1)
Columbus, Ohio
1,767
10.1
1.0
(8.2–12.1)
Corpus Christi, Texas
553
16.1
2.3
(11.6–20.5)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,272
8.3
1.2
(5.9–10.7)
Dayton, Ohio
561
11.7
1.8
(8.1–15.3)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,813
10.0
0.6
(8.9–11.2)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
1,061
7.9
1.1
(5.7–10.1)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
941
12.0
1.4
(9.2–14.8)
El Paso, Texas
742
11.7
1.3
(9.1–14.3)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
982
7.2
1.0
(5.2–9.1)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
802
12.6
1.9
(8.9–16.4)
Florence, South Carolina
514
12.0
1.6
(8.9–15.0)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
590
8.4
1.4
(5.6–11.1)
Grand Island, Nebraska
767
9.9
1.6
(6.8–13.1)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
918
10.9
1.4
(8.2–13.5)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,469
10.8
1.0
(8.9–12.8)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
642
17.4
2.1
(13.3–21.5)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
771
12.2
1.7
(8.8–15.6)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,923
10.6
0.8
(9.1–12.2)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
614
9.1
1.7
(5.9–12.4)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
2,059
10.5
1.2
(8.2–12.8)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,213
15.8
1.3
(13.3–18.3)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
548
9.4
1.4
(6.7–12.0)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,955
12.8
1.2
(10.5–15.1)
Jackson, Mississippi
700
11.7
1.5
(8.8–14.7)
Jacksonville, Florida
661
12.7
1.8
(9.3–16.2)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,300
8.8
1.1
(6.7–10.9)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,574
10.6
0.7
(9.2–12.0)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
512
7.4
1.1
(5.1–9.6)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
502
19.1
3.1
(13.1–25.2)
Knoxville, Tennessee
564
15.0
1.9
(11.2–18.8)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,778
8.4
0.8
(6.8–10.1)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,107
11.6
1.5
(8.7–14.6)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
566
8.6
1.4
(5.9–11.3)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,977
10.6
0.7
(9.1–12.0)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,794
12.4
1.3
(9.9–14.9)
Manhattan, Kansas
691
8.1
1.2
(5.8–10.4)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
1,052
12.1
1.5
(9.1–15.0)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,995
12.5
1.1
(10.4–14.6)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,625
11.9
1.3
(9.4–14.4)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,553
8.1
0.4
(7.3–8.8)
Minot, North Dakota
511
8.0
1.4
(5.2–10.7)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
510
9.5
1.6
(6.3–12.7)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
995
15.0
1.6
(11.9–18.2)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
1,058
12.1
1.4
(9.4–14.8)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,439
9.8
1.1
(7.6–11.9)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,581
9.3
0.8
(7.7–10.9)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
965
14.0
1.4
(11.3–16.6)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
8,055
11.0
0.5
(10.1–11.9)
Norfolk, Nebraska
735
7.4
1.0
(5.4–9.5)
North Platte, Nebraska
647
13.6
1.9
(9.9–17.3)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
937
9.6
1.4
(6.9–12.2)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
2,052
10.0
0.8
(8.5–11.6)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2,002
13.5
1.2
(11.2–15.8)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,979
9.4
0.6
(8.2–10.6)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
973
14.3
1.7
(10.9–17.7)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
781
11.1
1.3
(8.5–13.6)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,885
11.1
0.6
(10.0–12.2)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,253
10.9
1.1
(8.8–13.0)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,624
8.2
0.8
(6.7–9.8)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
3,148
11.0
0.7
(9.7–12.4)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
6,905
12.3
0.7
(11.0–13.7)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,765
7.3
0.7
(6.0–8.6)
Raleigh, North Carolina
670
10.5
1.3
(7.9–13.1)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,306
13.0
1.5
(10.1–15.9)
Reno, Nevada
915
11.5
1.4
(8.8–14.2)
Richmond, Virginia
1,355
9.9
1.0
(7.9–11.9)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,481
11.6
0.9
(9.8–13.5)
Rochester, Minnesota
682
8.0
1.1
(5.8–10.1)
Rochester, New York
759
11.8
1.5
(8.9–14.7)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,973
9.9
1.1
(7.8–12.0)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
1,020
11.3
1.2
(8.9–13.7)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
622
9.3
1.3
(6.7–11.8)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,209
11.4
0.8
(9.8–13.0)
Salina, Kansas
494
7.8
1.3
(5.3–10.2)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
2,003
12.8
1.8
(9.2–16.4)
Salt Lake City, Utah
4,020
10.1
0.6
(9.0–11.2)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
764
13.7
1.6
(10.6–16.9)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
576
7.0
1.1
(4.8–9.2)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
656
6.6
1.0
(4.6–8.7)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,408
13.9
0.7
(12.5–15.2)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
669
12.2
1.6
(9.1–15.3)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,707
9.2
0.5
(8.2–10.2)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,280
8.9
1.3
(6.3–11.5)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
913
8.7
2.0
(4.7–12.7)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,330
8.1
1.2
(5.8–10.5)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
479
12.7
1.9
(9.0–16.4)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,520
11.4
1.1
(9.2–13.6)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,155
15.5
1.7
(12.2–18.8)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,486
13.4
1.3
(10.9–16.0)
Toledo, Ohio
720
10.9
1.4
(8.2–13.5)
Topeka, Kansas
2,082
10.1
0.8
(8.5–11.8)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,567
13.4
1.2
(11.0–15.8)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
562
13.9
1.7
(10.7–17.2)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,742
10.8
1.0
(8.9–12.7)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
2,078
10.3
0.8
(8.8–11.8)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,793
8.1
0.6
(7.0–9.2)
Wichita, Kansas
4,651
10.2
0.6
(9.1–11.3)
Wichita Falls, Texas
566
15.8
3.4
(9.1–22.5)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,217
10.6
1.1
(8.5–12.8)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,523
11.0
1.0
(9.1–13.0)
Median

10.9


Range 6.6–19.1

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Physical illness and injury.

§ Metropolitan division.

Poor Mental Health

Poor mental health was defined as stress, depression, or problems with emotions. Respondents were asked for how many of the past 30 days their mental health was not good. In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported ≥14 days of poor mental health during the past 30 days ranged from 7.3% in South Dakota to 15.8% in West Virginia (median: 11.3%) (Table 5). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 5.6% in Rochester, Minnesota, to 20.5% in Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia (median: 11.4%) (Table 6).

TABLE 5. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported ≥14 days of poor mental health during the past 30 days, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,785
14.1
0.6
(12.9–15.3)
Alaska
3,568
10.9
0.9
(9.2–12.6)
Arizona
7,791
11.4
0.6
(10.2–12.5)
Arkansas
5,119
15.2
1.0
(13.2–17.1)
California
12,499
11.0
0.4
(10.2–11.7)
Colorado
13,299
10.5
0.4
(9.7–11.4)
Connecticut
11,732
11.5
0.5
(10.5–12.5)
Delaware
3,998
11.2
0.9
(9.5–12.9)
District of Columbia
3,913
10.1
0.9
(8.3–12.0)
Florida
9,501
13.5
0.6
(12.3–14.6)
Georgia
4,577
11.2
0.7
(9.8–12.5)
Hawaii
7,122
9.0
0.5
(8.0–10.1)
Idaho
5,700
10.5
0.6
(9.3–11.8)
Illinois
5,234
9.9
0.6
(8.7–11.0)
Indiana
5,950
12.5
0.7
(11.1–14.0)
Iowa
6,129
10.0
0.6
(8.8–11.1)
Kansas
22,856
9.9
0.3
(9.3–10.4)
Kentucky
8,651
13.9
0.7
(12.5–15.3)
Louisiana
4,631
14.3
0.7
(12.9–15.8)
Maine
8,904
12.3
0.6
(11.1–13.5)
Maryland
12,382
10.6
0.7
(9.3–11.9)
Massachusetts
9,084
11.8
0.6
(10.7–12.9)
Michigan
8,834
12.2
0.5
(11.2–13.1)
Minnesota
16,530
8.9
0.3
(8.3–9.5)
Mississippi
5,929
15.2
0.7
(13.7–16.6)
Missouri
7,190
13.2
0.6
(11.9–14.4)
Montana
5,960
11.1
0.7
(9.7–12.5)
Nebraska
17,369
9.0
0.4
(8.3–9.8)
Nevada
2,871
11.8
1.0
(9.7–13.8)
New Hampshire
6,900
11.2
0.7
(9.9–12.5)
New Jersey
11,232
10.8
0.5
(9.8–11.9)
New Mexico
6,651
11.3
0.6
(10.2–12.5)
New York
12,036
11.6
0.4
(10.7–12.4)
North Carolina
6,608
11.7
0.5
(10.7–12.7)
North Dakota
4,882
9.4
0.7
(8.1–10.7)
Ohio
11,701
12.3
0.6
(11.2–13.4)
Oklahoma
6,841
13.1
0.6
(11.9–14.4)
Oregon
5,240
13.9
0.7
(12.6–15.3)
Pennsylvania
5,646
11.8
0.6
(10.5–13.0)
Rhode Island
6,067
12.8
0.7
(11.3–14.2)
South Carolina
11,348
13.9
0.5
(12.9–14.9)
South Dakota
7,119
7.3
0.6
(6.1–8.5)
Tennessee
5,866
14.1
0.7
(12.7–15.6)
Texas
14,363
10.0
0.5
(9.0–11.0)
Utah
11,246
10.5
0.4
(9.8–11.2)
Vermont
6,392
11.0
0.6
(9.8–12.3)
Virginia
8,496
10.4
0.5
(9.5–11.4)
Washington
15,886
11.3
0.4
(10.5–12.0)
West Virginia
5,862
15.8
0.6
(14.6–17.0)
Wisconsin
6,135
10.3
0.6
(9.1–11.5)
Wyoming
5,398
11.8
0.8
(10.2–13.4)
Guam
1,663
10.6
1.2
(8.3–13.0)
Puerto Rico
5,362
13.0
0.6
(11.9–14.1)
Median

11.3


Range 7.3–15.8

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Stress, depression, and problems with emotions.

TABLE 6. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported ≥14 days of poor mental health during the past 30 days, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
569
6.8
1.4
(4.0–9.5)
Akron, Ohio
496
10.6
2.1
(6.5–14.7)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
911
11.1
1.5
(8.2–14.0)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,443
9.3
1.0
(7.3–11.2)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
803
13.3
2.3
(8.8–17.8)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,040
11.8
1.4
(9.0–14.6)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
2,009
8.1
0.8
(6.5–9.6)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
771
15.3
3.0
(9.5–21.1)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,844
9.7
1.1
(7.5–11.9)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,544
10.8
1.0
(8.9–12.7)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
636
11.9
1.6
(8.8–14.9)
Billings, Montana
667
9.7
1.6
(6.5–12.8)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,312
11.6
1.2
(9.2–14.0)
Bismarck, North Dakota
864
10.9
1.7
(7.5–14.3)
Boise City, Idaho
1,442
10.9
1.2
(8.6–13.3)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,430
10.7
0.8
(9.1–12.3)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
739
13.7
2.0
(9.7–17.7)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,775
10.0
1.0
(8.0–12.1)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,856
11.4
1.0
(9.5–13.3)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,549
12.5
1.4
(9.7–15.3)
Charleston, West Virginia
878
14.8
1.5
(11.8–17.8)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,553
10.6
1.1
(8.4–12.7)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,987
9.9
0.9
(8.1–11.8)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,641
10.3
0.7
(8.9–11.7)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,671
11.1
1.3
(8.5–13.6)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,588
10.2
1.1
(8.0–12.4)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
1,038
12.8
1.8
(9.3–16.3)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
541
NA
NA
NA
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,426
14.0
1.5
(11.0–16.9)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,232
15.2
1.6
(12.2–18.3)
Columbus, Ohio
1,782
12.6
1.3
(10.1–15.1)
Corpus Christi, Texas
550
15.0
2.9
(9.3–20.6)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,281
5.8
1.3
(3.4–8.3)
Dayton, Ohio
565
14.4
2.5
(9.5–19.3)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,834
10.1
0.6
(8.8–11.3)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
1,064
11.8
1.7
(8.6–15.1)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
951
13.0
1.7
(9.6–16.4)
El Paso, Texas
754
9.7
1.3
(7.1–12.2)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
980
9.5
1.2
(7.1–11.8)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
805
10.8
2.1
(6.7–14.9)
Florence, South Carolina
518
14.3
2.0
(10.3–18.3)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
598
13.8
2.5
(8.9–18.7)
Grand Island, Nebraska
775
10.6
1.6
(7.4–13.8)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
915
9.4
1.3
(6.9–11.9)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,466
13.1
1.3
(10.6–15.6)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
646
18.4
2.3
(13.9–22.9)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
777
20.5
4.2
(12.3–28.7)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,946
11.0
0.8
(9.5–12.5)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
616
12.9
2.3
(8.3–17.5)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
2,069
10.3
1.3
(7.8–12.8)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,218
16.7
1.5
(13.7–19.7)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
563
9.2
1.8
(5.6–12.7)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,977
13.1
1.2
(10.7–15.4)
Jackson, Mississippi
707
13.4
1.8
(10.0–16.9)
Jacksonville, Florida
660
15.5
2.2
(11.2–19.7)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,299
8.5
1.0
(6.5–10.4)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,620
11.4
0.8
(9.9–12.9)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
515
9.9
1.8
(6.4–13.4)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
512
16.3
3.4
(9.7–22.9)
Knoxville, Tennessee
564
15.2
2.4
(10.5–19.9)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,783
9.4
0.9
(7.6–11.2)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,113
15.2
1.9
(11.4–18.9)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
580
10.4
1.7
(7.0–13.7)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,976
11.1
0.7
(9.7–12.6)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,784
13.7
1.6
(10.6–16.9)
Manhattan, Kansas
692
7.9
1.3
(5.4–10.3)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
1,055
14.4
2.0
(10.4–18.4)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
2,037
15.7
1.4
(13.0–18.4)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,628
12.1
1.4
(9.4–14.8)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,584
8.4
0.4
(7.6–9.2)
Minot, North Dakota
510
13.3
2.6
(8.2–18.5)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
508
6.9
1.3
(4.4–9.3)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
996
15.2
1.8
(11.7–18.7)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
1,064
9.9
1.3
(7.4–12.3)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,448
11.8
1.3
(9.3–14.3)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,598
9.9
1.0
(7.9–11.8)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
957
14.5
1.5
(11.6–17.4)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
8,131
10.8
0.5
(9.8–11.7)
Norfolk, Nebraska
736
8.5
1.4
(5.8–11.1)
North Platte, Nebraska
649
7.9
1.4
(5.2–10.7)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
942
10.1
1.3
(7.5–12.7)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
2,054
10.5
0.8
(8.9–12.1)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2,009
11.7
1.1
(9.4–13.9)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,986
9.7
0.7
(8.3–11.1)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
989
9.9
1.5
(7.1–12.8)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
786
18.5
2.1
(14.4–22.5)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,902
10.6
0.7
(9.3–11.9)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,255
10.3
1.1
(8.1–12.6)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,653
12.1
1.1
(9.9–14.3)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
3,169
11.8
0.8
(10.2–13.5)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
6,938
13.9
1.2
(11.6–16.2)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,757
8.4
0.7
(7.0–9.9)
Raleigh, North Carolina
681
8.7
1.3
(6.2–11.3)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,301
8.4
1.2
(6.0–10.8)
Reno, Nevada
920
12.1
1.7
(8.8–15.3)
Richmond, Virginia
1,352
11.4
1.2
(9.1–13.8)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,479
11.5
1.0
(9.6–13.5)
Rochester, Minnesota
682
5.6
1.0
(3.5–7.6)
Rochester, New York
764
11.6
1.7
(8.2–14.9)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,977
13.4
1.4
(10.8–16.1)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
1,021
11.7
1.3
(9.2–14.1)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
626
9.4
1.7
(6.1–12.6)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,206
11.9
1.1
(9.8–14.0)
Salina, Kansas
499
6.6
1.3
(4.0–9.1)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
2,034
14.2
2.6
(9.2–19.3)
Salt Lake City, Utah
4,040
11.4
0.6
(10.1–12.6)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
767
8.2
1.3
(5.6–10.8)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
573
8.6
1.3
(6.0–11.1)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
655
8.8
1.3
(6.3–11.3)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,386
12.8
0.7
(11.4–14.3)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
669
13.9
2.1
(9.9–18.0)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,713
9.6
0.6
(8.5–10.7)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,285
9.9
1.4
(7.2–12.7)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
919
11.7
3.0
(5.8–17.7)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,334
7.0
1.3
(4.5–9.5)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
486
13.8
2.4
(9.0–18.6)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,515
11.5
1.3
(9.0–14.0)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,167
14.6
1.6
(11.4–17.8)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,505
12.0
1.3
(9.5–14.4)
Toledo, Ohio
716
11.3
2.0
(7.3–15.3)
Topeka, Kansas
2,104
12.6
1.0
(10.5–14.6)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,567
12.8
1.3
(10.2–15.4)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
558
17.6
2.3
(13.1–22.0)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,744
11.6
1.1
(9.4–13.7)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
2,092
9.8
0.8
(8.2–11.5)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,828
7.8
0.6
(6.6–8.9)
Wichita, Kansas
4,667
9.4
0.6
(8.3–10.5)
Wichita Falls, Texas
574
10.1
2.4
(5.4–14.7)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,231
12.3
1.2
(9.9–14.6)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,542
10.7
1.1
(8.6–12.9)
Median

11.4


Range 5.6–20.5

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; NA = not available; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Stress, depression, and problems with emotions.

§ Metropolitan division.

Estimate not available if the unweighted sample size for the denominator was <50 or if the relative standard error was >0.3.

Health Care Coverage

Health care coverage was defined as having health insurance, prepaid plans (e.g., health maintenance organizations), or government plans (e.g., Medicare or Medicaid). In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults aged 18–64 who had health care coverage ranged from 72.0% in Texas to 93.8% in Massachusetts (median: 86.8%) (Table 7). Among 130 selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of 18–64 year-olds with health care coverage ranged from 63.2% in El Paso, Texas, to 95.7% in Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania (median: 86.8%) (Table 8).

TABLE 7. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged 18–64 years who have health care coverage, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
5,225
83.0
0.8
(81.4–84.7)
Alaska
2,706
82.6
1.4
(79.9–85.3)
Arizona
4,342
82.1
0.9
(80.3–83.9)
Arkansas
2,761
84.2
1.3
(81.7–86.7)
California
9,638
86.1
0.5
(85.2–87.0)
Colorado
8,947
86.9
0.6
(85.8–88.0)
Connecticut
7,400
90.8
0.5
(89.8–91.9)
Delaware
2,464
89.2
0.8
(87.6–90.9)
District of Columbia
2,178
93.5
1.0
(91.4–95.5)
Florida
5,231
78.4
0.9
(76.7–80.1)
Georgia
2,925
78.8
1.1
(76.6–81.0)
Hawaii
4,786
91.0
0.7
(89.7–92.3)
Idaho
3,617
82.2
0.9
(80.3–84.0)
Illinois
3,463
88.6
0.8
(87.1–90.1)
Indiana
3,634
85.5
0.9
(83.7–87.3)
Iowa
3,857
92.0
0.6
(90.8–93.3)
Kansas
15,218
83.9
0.4
(83.1–84.6)
Kentucky
5,793
91.6
0.7
(90.3–93.0)
Louisiana
3,064
81.1
1.0
(79.2–83.1)
Maine
5,592
86.9
0.8
(85.4–88.5)
Maryland
7,263
89.2
0.9
(87.3–91.0)
Massachusetts
6,414
93.8
0.4
(93.0–94.7)
Michigan
5,965
87.6
0.6
(86.4–88.8)
Minnesota
11,491
92.5
0.4
(91.8–93.2)
Mississippi
3,587
78.0
1.0
(75.9–80.0)
Missouri
4,406
84.4
0.8
(82.7–86.0)
Montana
3,650
84.5
0.9
(82.7–86.3)
Nebraska
11,342
85.2
0.6
(84.1–86.4)
Nevada
1,812
82.0
1.5
(79.1–84.8)
New Hampshire
4,162
91.1
0.7
(89.6–92.5)
New Jersey
7,774
85.3
0.8
(83.8–86.8)
New Mexico
4,251
86.1
0.9
(84.4–87.9)
New York
8,088
87.4
0.6
(86.3–88.5)
North Carolina
4,691
80.3
0.7
(78.9–81.8)
North Dakota
3,122
90.2
0.8
(88.7–91.7)
Ohio
6,936
89.4
0.7
(88.1–90.8)
Oklahoma
4,003
82.9
0.9
(81.1–84.7)
Oregon
3,264
89.7
0.7
(88.2–91.1)
Pennsylvania
3,897
89.5
0.8
(88.0–91.0)
Rhode Island
3,802
90.2
0.8
(88.6–91.9)
South Carolina
7,115
82.2
0.7
(80.9–83.5)
South Dakota
4,468
89.1
0.9
(87.4–90.8)
Tennessee
3,639
82.9
1.0
(80.8–84.9)
Texas
9,036
72.0
0.9
(70.3–73.7)
Utah
8,564
86.8
0.5
(85.9–87.8)
Vermont
4,419
92.7
0.6
(91.6–93.8)
Virginia
5,963
86.6
0.7
(85.3–87.9)
Washington
9,937
87.7
0.5
(86.7–88.7)
West Virginia
4,072
89.9
0.6
(88.7–91.1)
Wisconsin
4,129
90.3
0.8
(88.8–91.9)
Wyoming
3,025
82.7
1.1
(80.4–84.9)
Guam
1,443
76.8
1.7
(73.4–80.1)
Puerto Rico
3,632
91.3
0.6
(90.1–92.5)
Median

86.8


Range 72.0–93.8

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Including health insurance, prepaid plans (e.g., health maintenance organizations), or government plans (e.g., Medicare).

TABLE 8. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged 18–64 years who have health care coverage, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
329
89.2
2.3
(84.7–93.6)
Akron, Ohio
298
93.3
2.2
(88.9–97.6)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
584
94.9
1.4
(92.3–97.6)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
949
86.5
1.7
(83.1–89.9)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
522
91.5
2.7
(86.3–96.7)
Anchorage, Alaska
785
79.8
2.3
(75.3–84.3)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,354
82.5
1.5
(79.5–85.5)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
480
84.2
3.5
(77.3–91.1)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,204
77.6
1.9
(73.9–81.3)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
2,714
90.9
1.4
(88.3–93.6)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
440
87.2
2.0
(83.4–91.1)
Billings, Montana
436
85.9
2.3
(81.4–90.5)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
897
83.4
2.0
(79.4–87.4)
Bismarck, North Dakota
544
88.8
2.3
(84.4–93.3)
Boise City, Idaho
944
83.1
1.7
(79.7–86.5)
Boston, Massachusetts§
1,717
94.2
0.8
(92.7–95.7)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
478
93.1
1.8
(89.6–96.5)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,320
95.5
0.7
(94.1–96.9)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,048
93.8
0.8
(92.3–95.4)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,091
88.3
1.8
(84.7–91.8)
Charleston, West Virginia
608
89.2
1.7
(85.9–92.5)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,042
83.0
1.6
(79.8–86.2)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,391
82.7
1.4
(80.0–85.5)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
2,493
86.7
0.9
(84.8–88.5)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,066
90.5
1.7
(87.1–93.9)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,004
90.1
1.8
(86.6–93.6)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
623
90.2
1.9
(86.5–94.0)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
276
73.9
5.1
(64.0–83.8)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
960
88.1
1.7
(84.8–91.4)
Columbia, South Carolina
836
85.5
1.8
(82.0–88.9)
Columbus, Ohio
1,152
91.3
1.4
(88.6–93.9)
Corpus Christi, Texas
285
69.1
5.1
(59.1–79.0)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
791
74.2
2.5
(69.2–79.1)
Dayton, Ohio
319
88.2
2.7
(83.0–93.4)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
4,074
88.3
0.8
(86.7–89.8)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
679
93.6
1.4
(90.8–96.3)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
629
95.3
1.0
(93.3–97.4)
El Paso, Texas
514
63.2
2.8
(57.8–68.6)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
689
89.1
1.6
(85.9–92.2)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
425
82.3
3.3
(75.8–88.9)
Florence, South Carolina
347
86.3
2.4
(81.6–90.9)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
371
75.7
3.2
(69.5–81.9)
Grand Island, Nebraska
494
78.3
3.0
(72.5–84.1)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
645
87.0
2.2
(82.7–91.3)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
921
83.2
1.7
(79.8–86.5)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
399
75.4
3.1
(69.4–81.5)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
446
87.5
3.5
(80.7–94.3)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
2,492
93.1
0.9
(91.3–94.8)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
301
72.5
3.4
(65.8–79.2)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,276
70.3
2.3
(65.8–74.7)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
839
90.9
1.4
(88.2–93.6)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
386
85.4
2.6
(80.4–90.4)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,235
87.8
1.3
(85.2–90.3)
Jackson, Mississippi
478
83.3
2.4
(78.6–87.9)
Jacksonville, Florida
414
83.9
2.5
(79.0–88.9)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
838
90.2
1.5
(87.4–93.1)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
5,064
85.7
1.0
(83.8–87.6)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
314
81.0
3.2
(74.8–87.2)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
296
86.5
3.6
(79.4–93.6)
Knoxville, Tennessee
345
84.1
2.9
(78.5–89.7)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,279
86.8
1.3
(84.3–89.3)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
643
83.9
2.4
(79.2–88.7)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
427
86.4
2.4
(81.7–91.2)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,374
83.7
0.9
(81.9–85.6)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,060
91.5
1.5
(88.5–94.4)
Manhattan, Kansas
501
87.4
1.8
(83.9–91.0)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
638
79.3
2.9
(73.7–85.0)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,182
79.0
1.7
(75.7–82.3)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,036
90.3
1.7
(87.0–93.7)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
6,135
93.2
0.5
(92.2–94.1)
Minot, North Dakota
333
91.6
1.9
(87.8–95.4)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
368
95.7
1.7
(92.4–98.9)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
597
77.6
2.5
(72.7–82.5)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
708
85.7
2.1
(81.6–89.8)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
968
86.7
1.6
(83.6–89.8)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
2,555
85.6
1.3
(83.1–88.2)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
682
80.8
2.1
(76.6–85.0)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
5,774
85.0
0.7
(83.7–86.4)
Norfolk, Nebraska
526
86.3
2.1
(82.2–90.4)
North Platte, Nebraska
413
82.9
2.5
(78.0–87.7)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
714
90.8
1.4
(88.0–93.6)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
1,628
89.4
1.0
(87.4–91.4)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,213
84.2
1.6
(81.1–87.3)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
2,724
86.0
1.0
(84.0–88.0)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
608
79.7
2.5
(74.9–84.6)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
556
83.8
2.1
(79.6–88.0)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
2,820
82.0
1.1
(79.8–84.2)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
858
90.7
1.4
(88.0–93.3)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
1,575
89.4
1.3
(86.8–91.9)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
2,051
90.7
0.9
(88.9–92.6)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
4,418
91.7
0.7
(90.4–93.1)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,471
88.3
1.1
(86.2–90.4)
Raleigh, North Carolina
537
83.6
1.9
(79.9–87.2)
Rapid City, South Dakota
762
82.9
2.4
(78.2–87.6)
Reno, Nevada
571
88.2
2.0
(84.4–92.1)
Richmond, Virginia
982
87.4
1.6
(84.3–90.5)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,135
85.2
1.3
(82.6–87.7)
Rochester, Minnesota
467
91.3
1.8
(87.7–94.9)
Rochester, New York
446
89.4
2.7
(84.1–94.7)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,235
91.2
1.3
(88.7–93.8)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
802
90.8
1.2
(88.4–93.2)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
475
93.7
1.4
(90.9–96.5)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
1,416
87.9
1.3
(85.3–90.4)
Salina, Kansas
343
82.5
2.6
(77.4–87.7)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,053
82.2
2.8
(76.8–87.7)
Salt Lake City, Utah
3,134
86.3
0.8
(84.7–87.8)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
524
78.1
2.5
(73.2–83.1)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
465
93.5
1.3
(91.0–96.0)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
538
90.8
1.4
(88.1–93.5)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
2,286
91.3
0.7
(89.8–92.7)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
421
81.6
2.4
(76.9–86.3)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
3,781
89.6
0.7
(88.2–91.0)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
1,432
90.5
1.9
(86.7–94.3)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
531
84.6
3.3
(78.1–91.0)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
858
91.4
1.6
(88.2–94.6)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
306
79.4
3.4
(72.7–86.1)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
927
90.5
1.5
(87.6–93.4)
Springfield, Massachusetts
800
89.2
1.8
(85.7–92.6)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
869
78.3
2.1
(74.2–82.4)
Toledo, Ohio
446
88.2
2.5
(83.2–93.1)
Topeka, Kansas
1,391
86.7
1.3
(84.2–89.2)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
939
82.0
1.9
(78.3–85.7)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
403
84.8
2.6
(79.6–89.9)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,236
88.2
1.3
(85.6–90.7)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
1,387
90.1
1.1
(88.0–92.2)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
4,930
88.4
1.0
(86.5–90.3)
Wichita, Kansas
3,096
83.0
0.9
(81.2–84.8)
Wichita Falls, Texas
283
79.2
3.9
(71.6–86.8)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
1,484
90.7
1.3
(88.2–93.2)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,089
94.6
0.9
(92.9–96.3)
Median

86.8


Range 63.2–95.7

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Including health insurance, prepaid plans (e.g., health maintenance organizations), or government plans (e.g., Medicare).

§ Metropolitan division.

Preventive Practices

Recent Routine Physical Checkup

In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who visited a doctor for a routine checkup during the preceding 12 months ranged from 58.1% in Alaska to 79.8% in Rhode Island (median: 69.0%) (Table 9). Among selected MMSAs, the 2015 age-adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 57.1% in Spartanburg, South Carolina, to 81.1% in Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts (median: 69.4%) (Table 10).

TABLE 9. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who visited a doctor for a routine checkup during the preceding 12 months, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,831
70.8
0.8
(69.2–72.3)
Alaska
3,606
58.1
1.4
(55.3–60.8)
Arizona
7,812
66.4
0.9
(64.7–68.1)
Arkansas
5,144
68.7
1.3
(66.1–71.2)
California
12,498
66.7
0.5
(65.6–67.7)
Colorado
13,258
63.7
0.7
(62.4–65.1)
Connecticut
11,803
71.6
0.7
(70.2–72.9)
Delaware
4,000
74.9
1.1
(72.7–77.1)
District of Columbia
3,958
77.0
1.4
(74.4–79.7)
Florida
9,648
71.3
0.8
(69.7–72.8)
Georgia
4,621
71.5
1.0
(69.6–73.5)
Hawaii
7,143
67.5
0.8
(65.9–69.2)
Idaho
5,744
59.3
1.0
(57.3–61.3)
Illinois
5,274
68.6
0.9
(66.9–70.4)
Indiana
6,008
64.7
1.0
(62.7–66.7)
Iowa
6,133
69.8
0.9
(68.0–71.5)
Kansas
22,651
68.3
0.4
(67.4–69.1)
Kentucky
8,629
74.6
0.9
(72.9–76.3)
Louisiana
4,612
72.3
1.0
(70.4–74.2)
Maine
9,017
69.0
0.9
(67.3–70.7)
Maryland
12,451
75.8
0.9
(73.9–77.6)
Massachusetts
9,150
77.4
0.6
(76.1–78.6)
Michigan
8,844
71.0
0.7
(69.7–72.3)
Minnesota
16,559
70.0
0.5
(69.0–71.0)
Mississippi
5,949
74.1
0.9
(72.3–76.0)
Missouri
7,186
66.2
0.9
(64.5–68.0)
Montana
5,946
61.5
1.0
(59.5–63.6)
Nebraska
17,331
63.6
0.6
(62.3–64.8)
Nevada
2,890
66.8
1.5
(63.9–69.7)
New Hampshire
6,955
71.3
0.9
(69.5–73.2)
New Jersey
11,329
77.3
0.7
(75.9–78.7)
New Mexico
6,653
63.8
1.0
(61.8–65.8)
New York
12,246
71.9
0.6
(70.7–73.1)
North Carolina
6,614
72.9
0.7
(71.5–74.3)
North Dakota
4,931
61.9
1.0
(60.0–63.8)
Ohio
11,750
70.8
0.8
(69.2–72.4)
Oklahoma
6,838
65.6
0.9
(63.8–67.5)
Oregon
5,168
61.7
0.9
(59.9–63.6)
Pennsylvania
5,686
72.0
0.9
(70.3–73.8)
Rhode Island
6,150
79.8
0.9
(78.0–81.6)
South Carolina
11,454
66.7
0.7
(65.4–68.1)
South Dakota
7,130
69.3
1.1
(67.2–71.4)
Tennessee
5,853
71.9
1.0
(69.9–73.9)
Texas
14,452
66.6
0.8
(65.1–68.2)
Utah
11,161
61.0
0.6
(59.9–62.2)
Vermont
6,387
67.8
0.9
(66.1–69.5)
Virginia
8,573
74.7
0.7
(73.3–76.0)
Washington
15,856
63.7
0.6
(62.6–64.8)
West Virginia
5,894
78.5
0.7
(77.1–79.9)
Wisconsin
6,151
67.3
1.0
(65.4–69.2)
Wyoming
5,384
60.7
1.1
(58.4–62.9)
Guam
1,665
65.3
1.7
(62.0–68.7)
Puerto Rico
5,365
77.1
0.8
(75.5–78.7)
Median

69.0


Range 58.1–79.8

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

TABLE 10. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who visited a doctor for a routine checkup during the preceding 12 months, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
574
68.7
2.9
(63.1–74.3)
Akron, Ohio
499
74.2
3.6
(67.0–81.3)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
931
75.9
2.1
(71.7–80.0)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,452
63.3
1.8
(59.7–66.9)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
810
72.6
3.4
(66.0–79.3)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,054
58.0
2.2
(53.6–62.4)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
2,014
73.1
1.4
(70.3–75.8)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
781
73.6
3.5
(66.8–80.4)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,861
65.6
1.7
(62.2–69.0)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,569
76.5
1.4
(73.8–79.3)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
628
75.1
2.3
(70.7–79.6)
Billings, Montana
672
66.7
2.6
(61.6–71.7)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,334
71.4
1.8
(67.8–75.0)
Bismarck, North Dakota
871
61.8
2.3
(57.2–66.4)
Boise City, Idaho
1,458
60.0
1.9
(56.3–63.6)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,437
78.5
1.1
(76.3–80.7)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
745
75.4
2.4
(70.7–80.2)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,771
67.2
1.6
(64.2–70.3)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,874
77.4
1.1
(75.2–79.7)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,560
78.0
1.6
(74.9–81.1)
Charleston, West Virginia
875
79.7
1.9
(76.1–83.4)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,565
68.6
1.6
(65.4–71.8)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,995
73.0
1.4
(70.2–75.7)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,673
69.1
1.0
(67.1–71.2)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,663
75.5
1.8
(72.0–79.0)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,590
68.1
2.1
(63.9–72.3)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
1,048
69.6
2.4
(64.8–74.3)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
550
67.6
4.4
(59.0–76.1)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,426
65.4
1.9
(61.6–69.2)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,235
67.2
1.9
(63.5–70.9)
Columbus, Ohio
1,790
69.4
1.7
(66.0–72.8)
Corpus Christi, Texas
557
70.1
3.9
(62.5–77.7)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,288
68.1
2.2
(63.7–72.5)
Dayton, Ohio
565
76.6
2.8
(71.1–82.1)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,821
65.8
1.0
(63.7–67.8)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
1,061
69.8
2.1
(65.7–74.0)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
953
71.8
2.2
(67.5–76.2)
El Paso, Texas
753
63.6
2.4
(59.0–68.3)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
988
66.4
1.9
(62.8–70.1)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
800
67.3
3.2
(61.1–73.5)
Florence, South Carolina
525
68.4
2.9
(62.8–74.0)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
606
63.1
3.1
(57.0–69.2)
Grand Island, Nebraska
768
60.8
2.7
(55.5–66.2)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
913
69.2
2.2
(64.8–73.6)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,484
65.4
1.8
(61.9–69.0)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
648
68.5
2.8
(63.1–73.9)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
780
72.8
4.4
(64.2–81.3)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,963
74.3
1.1
(72.1–76.5)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
618
62.5
3.1
(56.5–68.5)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
2,093
67.1
2.0
(63.3–71.0)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,224
80.3
1.6
(77.2–83.5)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
563
60.5
2.7
(55.1–65.8)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,998
66.0
1.6
(62.9–69.1)
Jackson, Mississippi
708
80.1
2.1
(75.9–84.3)
Jacksonville, Florida
672
72.6
2.6
(67.4–77.7)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,304
66.7
1.9
(62.9–70.5)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,563
67.7
1.1
(65.6–69.8)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
512
64.7
3.2
(58.5–70.9)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
513
71.8
3.9
(64.1–79.4)
Knoxville, Tennessee
563
70.2
3.1
(64.2–76.2)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,774
64.1
1.5
(61.1–67.0)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,118
70.5
2.6
(65.5–75.5)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
574
60.5
2.5
(55.5–65.4)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,976
67.5
1.1
(65.4–69.6)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,803
73.2
1.9
(69.4–77.0)
Manhattan, Kansas
689
67.1
2.2
(62.8–71.4)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
1,060
75.3
2.4
(70.5–80.1)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
2,080
72.4
1.5
(69.5–75.3)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,636
66.2
2.1
(62.1–70.3)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,599
70.9
0.7
(69.6–72.2)
Minot, North Dakota
518
60.4
3.2
(54.0–66.7)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
518
76.4
2.5
(71.5–81.3)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
1,013
68.8
2.4
(64.1–73.6)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
1,059
71.6
2.3
(67.2–76.1)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,470
72.7
1.7
(69.4–76.0)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,641
79.9
1.1
(77.7–82.1)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
961
72.1
2.0
(68.2–75.9)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
8,253
73.3
0.7
(71.9–74.7)
Norfolk, Nebraska
731
60.8
2.4
(56.2–65.5)
North Platte, Nebraska
643
59.8
2.7
(54.5–65.1)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
936
67.9
1.9
(64.1–71.7)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
2,042
61.6
1.2
(59.2–64.1)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,997
66.6
1.7
(63.2–70.0)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,985
66.6
1.1
(64.5–68.8)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
997
71.4
2.2
(67.1–75.7)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
794
76.7
2.0
(72.8–80.7)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,908
67.3
1.1
(65.2–69.4)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,254
70.8
1.8
(67.3–74.3)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,675
69.9
1.5
(66.9–72.9)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
3,150
62.9
1.2
(60.5–65.3)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
7,041
81.1
0.9
(79.3–82.9)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,739
59.6
1.3
(57.0–62.2)
Raleigh, North Carolina
675
75.0
1.9
(71.2–78.8)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,312
66.0
2.3
(61.4–70.5)
Reno, Nevada
930
65.6
2.3
(61.0–70.1)
Richmond, Virginia
1,361
75.3
1.6
(72.1–78.4)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,482
67.1
1.5
(64.1–70.1)
Rochester, Minnesota
686
60.7
2.4
(56.0–65.4)
Rochester, New York
778
64.7
2.7
(59.4–70.1)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,995
76.3
1.6
(73.2–79.4)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
1,029
65.8
1.8
(62.3–69.3)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
628
72.7
2.3
(68.2–77.2)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,224
69.2
1.5
(66.2–72.2)
Salina, Kansas
492
64.4
2.9
(58.6–70.1)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
2,037
72.1
2.7
(66.8–77.3)
Salt Lake City, Utah
4,017
62.4
0.9
(60.5–64.2)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
769
69.7
2.3
(65.1–74.2)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
572
68.4
2.5
(63.5–73.3)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
653
66.8
2.2
(62.5–71.1)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,399
76.7
1.0
(74.7–78.6)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
665
58.4
2.6
(53.3–63.4)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,709
63.7
0.9
(62.0–65.5)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,297
72.8
2.1
(68.7–76.8)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
916
70.0
3.4
(63.3–76.7)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,335
73.5
2.1
(69.4–77.5)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
494
57.1
3.4
(50.4–63.8)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,521
63.3
1.9
(59.5–67.0)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,174
75.5
1.9
(71.8–79.3)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,530
70.0
1.9
(66.4–73.7)
Toledo, Ohio
721
71.9
2.8
(66.5–77.4)
Topeka, Kansas
2,097
71.2
1.4
(68.5–73.9)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,575
69.3
1.8
(65.7–72.9)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
568
73.7
2.6
(68.7–78.7)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,761
75.3
1.5
(72.4–78.3)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
2,101
70.8
1.4
(68.0–73.5)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,890
75.6
1.0
(73.7–77.5)
Wichita, Kansas
4,638
69.0
0.9
(67.2–70.9)
Wichita Falls, Texas
576
70.2
4.1
(62.2–78.3)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,236
75.6
1.5
(72.8–78.5)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,553
76.0
1.6
(73.0–79.1)
Median

69.4


Range 57.1–81.1

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

§ Metropolitan division.

Ever Had Blood Cholesterol Checked

In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported ever having their blood cholesterol checked ranged from 73.3% in New Mexico to 86.7% in the District of Columbia (median: 79.1%) (Table 11). Among 130 selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 65.1% in Logan, Utah-Idaho to 87.3% in Raleigh, North Carolina (median: 79.5%) (Table 12).

TABLE 11. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who ever had their blood cholesterol checked, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,713
80.5
0.8
(79.0–82.0)
Alaska
3,589
75.2
1.2
(72.8–77.6)
Arizona
7,783
78.6
0.8
(76.9–80.2)
Arkansas
5,137
77.7
1.3
(75.3–80.2)
California
12,289
79.4
0.5
(78.5–80.3)
Colorado
13,196
80.5
0.6
(79.3–81.7)
Connecticut
11,645
83.6
0.7
(82.3–84.9)
Delaware
3,981
81.8
1.1
(79.6–84.0)
District of Columbia
3,899
86.7
1.3
(84.3–89.2)
Florida
9,595
80.4
0.7
(79.0–81.8)
Georgia
4,569
80.3
0.9
(78.4–82.1)
Hawaii
7,073
74.5
0.8
(73.0–76.1)
Idaho
5,694
75.3
0.9
(73.5–77.2)
Illinois
5,242
80.1
0.8
(78.5–81.7)
Indiana
5,975
75.3
1.0
(73.4–77.2)
Iowa
6,091
76.7
0.9
(75.0–78.4)
Kansas
22,637
75.6
0.4
(74.8–76.4)
Kentucky
8,633
76.7
0.9
(75.0–78.5)
Louisiana
4,561
78.9
0.9
(77.1–80.7)
Maine
8,936
81.5
0.8
(79.9–83.1)
Maryland
12,382
84.0
0.9
(82.2–85.8)
Massachusetts
9,067
84.2
0.6
(83.0–85.4)
Michigan
8,731
80.3
0.6
(79.1–81.6)
Minnesota
16,347
79.6
0.5
(78.7–80.6)
Mississippi
5,915
76.6
0.9
(74.7–78.4)
Missouri
7,123
77.6
0.8
(75.9–79.2)
Montana
5,883
75.8
1.0
(73.9–77.7)
Nebraska
17,216
77.5
0.6
(76.4–78.6)
Nevada
2,850
78.0
1.4
(75.3–80.7)
New Hampshire
6,889
83.7
0.9
(82.0–85.5)
New Jersey
11,239
83.5
0.7
(82.2–84.8)
New Mexico
6,621
73.3
0.9
(71.4–75.1)
New York
12,126
80.9
0.6
(79.8–82.0)
North Carolina
6,523
82.0
0.7
(80.7–83.3)
North Dakota
4,885
74.5
0.9
(72.6–76.3)
Ohio
11,693
79.1
0.8
(77.5–80.6)
Oklahoma
6,784
76.5
0.9
(74.7–78.3)
Oregon
5,188
79.4
0.9
(77.7–81.1)
Pennsylvania
5,603
78.4
0.9
(76.7–80.1)
Rhode Island
6,090
81.2
1.0
(79.3–83.1)
South Carolina
11,348
80.5
0.6
(79.2–81.7)
South Dakota
7,059
75.2
1.0
(73.2–77.3)
Tennessee
5,825
81.4
1.0
(79.5–83.4)
Texas
14,432
75.6
0.7
(74.2–77.1)
Utah
11,126
74.0
0.5
(73.0–75.1)
Vermont
6,341
80.9
0.8
(79.3–82.5)
Virginia
8,477
81.9
0.7
(80.6–83.3)
Washington
15,693
77.2
0.6
(76.1–78.3)
West Virginia
5,820
82.9
0.7
(81.5–84.3)
Wisconsin
6,126
78.4
0.9
(76.7–80.1)
Wyoming
5,381
77.1
1.1
(74.9–79.2)
Guam
1,659
74.9
1.6
(71.9–78.0)
Puerto Rico
5,295
79.8
0.8
(78.3–81.3)
Median

79.1


Range 73.3–86.7

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

TABLE 12. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who ever had their blood cholesterol checked, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Akron, Ohio
499
72.7
3.6
(65.6–79.8)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
919
79.8
2.2
(75.4–84.1)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,439
76.0
1.7
(72.7–79.4)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
810
79.7
3.4
(73.1–86.3)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,052
76.9
2.0
(73.1–80.8)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,995
82.7
1.3
(80.1–85.2)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
770
78.6
3.5
(71.7–85.5)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,849
77.1
1.6
(74.1–80.2)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,532
84.2
1.4
(81.5–86.9)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
618
83.5
2.0
(79.5–87.5)
Billings, Montana
656
81.5
2.2
(77.3–85.8)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,295
79.6
1.8
(76.0–83.1)
Bismarck, North Dakota
863
75.6
2.2
(71.3–80.0)
Boise City, Idaho
1,440
78.0
1.8
(74.5–81.4)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,414
84.9
1.0
(82.9–86.9)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
741
79.9
2.5
(75.0–84.8)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,751
81.7
1.5
(78.8–84.5)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,849
84.0
1.1
(81.8–86.2)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,545
83.8
1.6
(80.7–87.0)
Charleston, West Virginia
871
83.8
1.8
(80.3–87.3)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,537
78.6
1.6
(75.5–81.7)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,978
83.4
1.3
(80.8–86.0)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,647
82.0
1.0
(80.1–83.9)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,661
80.0
1.8
(76.4–83.6)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,575
81.8
2.1
(77.6–85.9)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
1,033
79.4
2.3
(74.8–83.9)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
549
81.8
4.1
(73.7–89.8)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,416
81.8
1.7
(78.5–85.0)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,215
82.2
1.7
(78.8–85.6)
Columbus, Ohio
1,778
81.0
1.6
(77.9–84.0)
Corpus Christi, Texas
563
77.4
3.8
(70.0–84.9)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,284
75.5
2.1
(71.4–79.5)
Dayton, Ohio
556
75.8
3.1
(69.7–81.9)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,801
83.0
0.9
(81.3–84.7)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
1,059
81.8
1.9
(78.0–85.6)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
953
73.2
2.2
(68.9–77.6)
El Paso, Texas
751
72.5
2.3
(68.0–77.1)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
984
75.2
1.7
(71.8–78.6)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
797
76.4
3.1
(70.4–82.5)
Florence, South Carolina
521
77.7
2.7
(72.5–83.0)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
601
74.9
3.0
(69.0–80.8)
Grand Island, Nebraska
764
74.7
2.6
(69.6–79.8)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
894
78.5
2.2
(74.2–82.7)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,476
80.6
1.6
(77.4–83.8)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
645
74.1
2.7
(68.9–79.4)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
775
77.0
4.1
(69.0–84.9)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,909
83.3
1.1
(81.0–85.5)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
621
78.3
2.9
(72.6–84.0)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
2,077
77.6
1.9
(73.9–81.2)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,210
79.1
1.8
(75.6–82.5)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
560
76.4
2.5
(71.6–81.3)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,979
77.5
1.5
(74.6–80.4)
Jackson, Mississippi
707
77.8
2.3
(73.2–82.3)
Jacksonville, Florida
658
76.1
2.7
(70.9–81.3)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,295
78.6
1.7
(75.2–82.0)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,555
78.7
1.0
(76.8–80.7)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
503
72.1
3.0
(66.2–78.0)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
502
75.8
3.8
(68.3–83.3)
Knoxville, Tennessee
566
85.4
2.6
(80.4–90.5)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,762
79.4
1.3
(76.8–82.0)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,114
80.8
2.3
(76.2–85.3)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
569
65.1
2.5
(60.1–70.0)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,917
81.4
0.9
(79.7–83.1)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,788
77.8
1.9
(74.1–81.6)
Manhattan, Kansas
673
71.7
2.1
(67.7–75.8)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
1,056
79.8
2.5
(74.9–84.7)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
2,077
81.1
1.4
(78.3–83.9)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,627
82.3
1.8
(78.7–85.9)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,481
81.7
0.6
(80.5–83.0)
Minot, North Dakota
513
76.4
3.0
(70.4–82.3)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
508
80.9
2.9
(75.3–86.5)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
999
77.5
2.4
(72.8–82.2)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
1,045
78.4
2.2
(74.1–82.8)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,459
82.6
1.6
(79.5–85.6)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,589
82.9
1.2
(80.5–85.3)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
946
82.0
1.9
(78.4–85.7)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
8,166
82.6
0.6
(81.4–83.9)
Norfolk, Nebraska
729
76.5
2.1
(72.4–80.6)
North Platte, Nebraska
647
74.8
2.5
(69.9–79.8)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
920
82.5
1.5
(79.5–85.4)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
2,037
76.2
1.1
(74.0–78.5)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2,007
76.1
1.7
(72.8–79.4)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,951
79.3
1.0
(77.3–81.3)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
979
83.6
2.0
(79.7–87.5)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
784
77.6
2.1
(73.5–81.6)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,882
80.4
1.0
(78.5–82.4)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,241
80.4
1.7
(77.1–83.7)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,652
83.9
1.4
(81.2–86.6)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
3,132
81.3
1.1
(79.2–83.5)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
6,969
83.6
1.0
(81.7–85.5)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,719
71.5
1.1
(69.3–73.8)
Raleigh, North Carolina
658
87.3
1.5
(84.3–90.3)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,295
75.7
2.3
(71.3–80.2)
Reno, Nevada
919
79.8
2.1
(75.6–83.9)
Richmond, Virginia
1,348
81.2
1.5
(78.2–84.1)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,457
78.3
1.4
(75.6–81.0)
Rochester, Minnesota
667
77.2
2.3
(72.7–81.7)
Rochester, New York
770
80.5
2.6
(75.5–85.6)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,973
84.5
1.7
(81.2–87.9)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
1,009
76.4
1.6
(73.2–79.6)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
616
76.9
2.3
(72.3–81.5)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,187
78.8
1.4
(76.0–81.6)
Salina, Kansas
497
73.5
2.8
(68.1–79.0)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
2,032
80.8
2.6
(75.8–85.9)
Salt Lake City, Utah
4,008
77.3
0.8
(75.7–78.9)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
766
79.4
2.1
(75.2–83.5)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
553
83.5
1.8
(80.1–87.0)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
641
82.0
1.8
(78.5–85.5)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,343
79.2
1.0
(77.2–81.2)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
659
74.3
2.4
(69.6–79.1)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,640
79.4
0.8
(77.8–81.0)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,285
86.1
1.8
(82.5–89.7)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
917
68.4
3.3
(61.9–74.9)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,320
76.6
2.1
(72.5–80.7)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
492
83.3
2.8
(77.7–88.8)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,514
80.2
1.7
(76.8–83.6)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,159
83.8
1.7
(80.5–87.0)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,527
80.3
1.7
(76.9–83.6)
Toledo, Ohio
716
82.0
2.7
(76.8–87.3)
Topeka, Kansas
2,089
76.4
1.4
(73.7–79.0)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,548
78.7
1.7
(75.3–82.1)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
544
79.7
2.5
(74.8–84.6)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,739
83.2
1.5
(80.4–86.1)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
2,079
85.2
1.2
(82.8–87.6)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,811
83.9
1.0
(81.9–85.8)
Wichita, Kansas
4,631
74.9
0.9
(73.1–76.7)
Wichita Falls, Texas
570
71.4
4.1
(63.5–79.4)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,212
80.7
1.6
(77.7–83.8)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,544
84.0
1.4
(81.2–86.8)
Median

79.5


Range 65.1–87.3

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

§ Metropolitan division.

Health-Risk Behaviors

Current Cigarette Smoking

Adults were considered current smokers if they reported having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoked every day or on certain days. In 2015, the estimated age-adjusted prevalence of current smoking among adults aged ≥18 years ranged from 9.0% in Utah to 27.2% in West Virginia (median: 17.7%) (Table 13). Among 130 selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of current smokers ranged from 4.5% in Logan, Utah-Idaho, to 29.5% in Akron, Ohio (median: 17.3%) (Table 14).

TABLE 13. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of current smoking among adults aged ≥18 years, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,653
22.1
0.8
(20.6–23.6)
Alaska
3,551
18.8
1.1
(16.7–20.9)
Arizona
7,598
14.3
0.7
(13.0–15.6)
Arkansas
5,042
26.0
1.3
(23.5–28.5)
California
11,368
11.7
0.4
(11.0–12.5)
Colorado
12,355
15.7
0.6
(14.6–16.8)
Connecticut
11,293
13.8
0.6
(12.7–14.9)
Delaware
3,931
17.7
1.0
(15.8–19.6)
District of Columbia
3,782
16.0
1.2
(13.7–18.4)
Florida
9,253
16.4
0.6
(15.2–17.7)
Georgia
4,461
17.6
0.8
(15.9–19.2)
Hawaii
6,892
14.7
0.7
(13.4–16.1)
Idaho
5,617
14.0
0.7
(12.6–15.4)
Illinois
5,137
15.2
0.7
(13.8–16.6)
Indiana
5,846
20.8
0.9
(19.0–22.6)
Iowa
6,021
18.8
0.8
(17.2–20.3)
Kansas
22,055
18.1
0.4
(17.4–18.8)
Kentucky
8,536
26.6
0.9
(24.8–28.4)
Louisiana
4,483
22.0
0.9
(20.3–23.8)
Maine
8,826
21.1
0.8
(19.5–22.7)
Maryland
12,019
15.1
0.8
(13.6–16.7)
Massachusetts
8,741
14.2
0.6
(13.1–15.3)
Michigan
8,652
21.3
0.6
(20.0–22.5)
Minnesota
16,327
16.6
0.4
(15.8–17.4)
Mississippi
5,855
22.9
0.9
(21.1–24.6)
Missouri
7,131
22.9
0.8
(21.3–24.6)
Montana
5,898
20.0
0.9
(18.2–21.7)
Nebraska
17,079
17.5
0.5
(16.5–18.5)
Nevada
2,851
17.9
1.2
(15.5–20.4)
New Hampshire
6,766
16.4
0.8
(14.9–17.9)
New Jersey
10,959
13.9
0.6
(12.7–15.0)
New Mexico
6,447
17.9
0.8
(16.2–19.5)
New York
11,683
15.5
0.5
(14.5–16.4)
North Carolina
6,499
19.4
0.7
(18.1–20.7)
North Dakota
4,823
19.1
0.8
(17.5–20.8)
Ohio
11,522
22.3
0.8
(20.8–23.8)
Oklahoma
6,753
22.6
0.8
(20.9–24.2)
Oregon
5,119
17.6
0.8
(16.1–19.1)
Pennsylvania
5,531
18.8
0.8
(17.3–20.3)
Rhode Island
5,919
15.9
0.8
(14.3–17.6)
South Carolina
11,226
20.3
0.6
(19.1–21.5)
South Dakota
7,078
20.9
1.0
(19.0–22.8)
Tennessee
5,709
22.1
0.9
(20.3–23.9)
Texas
13,916
15.2
0.6
(14.0–16.3)
Utah
11,030
9.0
0.4
(8.3–9.7)
Vermont
6,289
16.7
0.7
(15.3–18.1)
Virginia
8,371
16.8
0.6
(15.6–17.9)
Washington
15,561
15.1
0.5
(14.2–16.0)
West Virginia
5,833
27.2
0.8
(25.7–28.8)
Wisconsin
5,962
17.7
0.8
(16.2–19.3)
Wyoming
5,281
19.5
1.0
(17.6–21.5)
Guam
1,605
25.9
1.7
(22.7–29.2)
Puerto Rico
5,331
11.1
0.6
(9.9–12.2)
Median

17.7


Range 9.0–27.2

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in a lifetime and smoking every day or on certain days during the period of the survey.

TABLE 14. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of current smoking among adults aged ≥18 years, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
568
15.9
2.5
(11.0–20.8)
Akron, Ohio
494
29.5
3.9
(21.8–37.2)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
896
13.5
1.7
(10.2–16.8)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,406
18.3
1.5
(15.3–21.3)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
786
18.3
2.8
(12.9–23.8)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,043
15.8
1.6
(12.6–19.0)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,946
15.0
1.1
(12.9–17.2)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
769
18.8
2.7
(13.5–24.1)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,798
13.4
1.4
(10.7–16.1)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,419
16.2
1.3
(13.7–18.7)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
613
15.5
2.0
(11.6–19.3)
Billings, Montana
665
18.0
2.2
(13.8–22.3)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,285
20.3
1.7
(16.9–23.7)
Bismarck, North Dakota
851
19.1
2.1
(15.0–23.2)
Boise City, Idaho
1,414
12.5
1.3
(10.0–15.0)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,305
12.3
0.9
(10.4–14.1)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
719
18.1
2.2
(13.8–22.4)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,735
13.9
1.2
(11.6–16.2)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,756
12.0
1.0
(10.1–13.9)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,512
16.2
1.5
(13.3–19.1)
Charleston, West Virginia
869
25.6
2.0
(21.6–29.6)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,525
16.5
1.3
(13.9–19.0)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,963
15.7
1.2
(13.3–18.2)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,566
14.2
0.8
(12.5–15.8)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,638
22.1
1.8
(18.6–25.7)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,564
17.0
1.8
(13.5–20.5)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
1,013
23.4
2.3
(18.9–28.0)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
530
NA
NA
NA
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,321
19.5
1.7
(16.1–22.8)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,209
20.1
1.8
(16.6–23.6)
Columbus, Ohio
1,750
22.5
1.7
(19.2–25.9)
Corpus Christi, Texas
549
19.2
2.9
(13.5–24.9)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,247
14.8
1.9
(11.0–18.5)
Dayton, Ohio
555
17.4
2.5
(12.5–22.3)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,422
14.1
0.8
(12.6–15.6)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
1,038
17.3
1.9
(13.5–21.1)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
946
21.9
2.2
(17.6–26.3)
El Paso, Texas
738
13.4
1.8
(9.9–16.9)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
971
17.0
1.7
(13.8–20.3)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
783
20.8
2.8
(15.2–26.3)
Florence, South Carolina
516
26.9
2.8
(21.5–32.3)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
581
10.5
1.8
(6.9–14.1)
Grand Island, Nebraska
763
19.7
2.4
(15.0–24.4)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
901
17.8
1.8
(14.2–21.4)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,459
16.9
1.5
(14.0–19.8)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
647
24.9
2.7
(19.7–30.2)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
757
22.2
3.8
(14.8–29.6)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,798
13.4
0.9
(11.7–15.1)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
603
20.5
2.8
(15.1–25.9)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,972
13.5
1.4
(10.8–16.3)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,201
26.7
1.7
(23.3–30.1)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
551
11.9
2.0
(7.9–15.9)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,928
20.1
1.5
(17.3–23.0)
Jackson, Mississippi
691
19.0
2.1
(14.8–23.2)
Jacksonville, Florida
640
15.7
2.3
(11.2–20.3)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,263
17.2
1.8
(13.7–20.7)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,386
18.1
0.9
(16.3–19.9)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
496
13.3
2.3
(8.7–17.9)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
498
26.1
3.7
(18.9–33.3)
Knoxville, Tennessee
561
20.2
2.6
(15.0–25.3)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,754
15.5
1.1
(13.2–17.7)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,102
24.9
2.5
(20.0–29.7)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
574
4.5
1.0
(2.5–6.5)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,687
10.8
0.7
(9.4–12.2)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,774
24.7
2.0
(20.9–28.6)
Manhattan, Kansas
671
13.4
1.6
(10.2–16.6)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
1,036
19.2
2.2
(14.9–23.6)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,968
12.9
1.3
(10.4–15.3)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,579
18.4
1.8
(14.9–21.9)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,468
14.8
0.6
(13.7–15.9)
Minot, North Dakota
511
18.7
2.7
(13.4–24.0)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
502
10.4
1.9
(6.7–14.0)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
989
21.6
2.1
(17.4–25.7)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
1,029
17.8
1.7
(14.4–21.2)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,390
13.7
1.4
(10.9–16.4)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,507
12.2
1.0
(10.3–14.2)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
931
21.3
1.8
(17.8–24.9)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
7,860
13.0
0.5
(11.9–14.0)
Norfolk, Nebraska
717
16.1
1.8
(12.5–19.7)
North Platte, Nebraska
640
18.9
2.1
(14.8–23.0)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
864
10.8
1.5
(7.8–13.7)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
2,021
10.3
0.8
(8.7–11.9)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,987
19.1
1.5
(16.1–22.1)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,894
18.4
0.9
(16.5–20.2)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
955
15.2
1.9
(11.5–18.9)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
759
18.2
1.9
(14.4–22.0)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,762
13.5
0.8
(11.9–15.0)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,232
20.0
1.6
(16.9–23.2)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,605
19.0
1.5
(16.2–21.9)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
3,098
15.5
0.9
(13.7–17.4)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
6,775
16.3
0.9
(14.6–18.1)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,719
4.6
0.6
(3.4–5.7)
Raleigh, North Carolina
665
13.1
1.5
(10.1–16.1)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,301
22.3
2.2
(18.0–26.6)
Reno, Nevada
916
19.6
2.1
(15.5–23.7)
Richmond, Virginia
1,336
17.3
1.4
(14.6–20.1)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,341
14.3
1.2
(12.0–16.7)
Rochester, Minnesota
675
13.4
1.8
(10.0–16.9)
Rochester, New York
756
19.6
2.3
(15.1–24.2)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,931
15.1
1.4
(12.4–17.8)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
936
12.6
1.3
(10.0–15.1)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
608
15.2
1.8
(11.6–18.8)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,172
18.7
1.4
(16.0–21.3)
Salina, Kansas
485
19.1
2.5
(14.2–24.1)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,997
23.5
2.4
(18.7–28.2)
Salt Lake City, Utah
3,942
10.2
0.6
(9.0–11.5)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
738
13.1
1.8
(9.6–16.5)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
516
9.7
2.0
(5.8–13.5)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
587
7.4
1.1
(5.1–9.6)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,367
10.7
0.8
(9.2–12.2)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
653
23.1
2.4
(18.4–27.7)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,591
12.4
0.7
(11.1–13.7)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland
2,222
12.8
1.7
(9.5–16.1)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
906
20.2
3.3
(13.7–26.7)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,320
20.0
2.0
(16.1–24.0)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
489
21.4
3.1
(15.4–27.4)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,505
16.5
1.5
(13.5–19.5)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,133
20.7
1.8
(17.1–24.3)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,467
18.2
1.6
(15.1–21.3)
Toledo, Ohio
699
17.2
2.3
(12.6–21.8)
Topeka, Kansas
2,012
21.6
1.3
(19.1–24.1)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,547
21.6
1.7
(18.4–24.9)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
550
23.4
2.6
(18.3–28.5)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,711
19.1
1.4
(16.4–21.9)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
2,049
18.4
1.3
(15.9–20.9)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,592
12.1
0.8
(10.5–13.7)
Wichita, Kansas
4,514
19.4
0.8
(17.7–21.0)
Wichita Falls, Texas
549
15.7
2.8
(10.3–21.1)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,177
16.4
1.3
(13.9–18.9)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,478
18.8
1.5
(16.0–21.7)
Median

17.3


Range 4.5–29.5

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; NA = not available; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in a lifetime and smoking every day or on certain days during the period of the survey.

§ Metropolitan division.

Estimate not available if the unweighted sample size for the denominator was <50 or if the relative standard error was >0.3.

Binge Drinking

Males were considered binge drinkers if they had five or more drinks on one or more occasions during the past 30 days. Females were considered binge drinkers if they had four or more drinks on one or more occasions during the past 30 days. The age-adjusted prevalence estimates of binge drinking among adults aged ≥18 years ranged from 11.2% in Tennessee to 26.0% in the District of Columbia in 2015 (median: 17.2%) (Table 15). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults who reported binge drinking ranged from 5.5% in Provo-Orem, Utah, to 24.5% in Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin (median: 17.4%) (Table 16).

TABLE 15. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported binge drinking during the past 30 days, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,487
12.3
0.6
(11.2–13.5)
Alaska
3,465
20.2
1.2
(17.9–22.5)
Arizona
7,441
15.0
0.7
(13.6–16.5)
Arkansas
4,968
15.2
1.1
(13.1–17.4)
California
11,486
16.9
0.5
(16.0–17.8)
Colorado
12,160
18.2
0.6
(17.0–19.4)
Connecticut
11,000
18.4
0.6
(17.2–19.7)
Delaware
3,871
16.2
1.1
(14.1–18.3)
District of Columbia
3,702
26.0
1.5
(23.1–28.9)
Florida
9,026
17.3
0.7
(16.0–18.7)
Georgia
4,402
15.9
0.8
(14.2–17.5)
Hawaii
6,783
20.0
0.8
(18.5–21.5)
Idaho
5,532
14.8
0.8
(13.3–16.4)
Illinois
5,086
20.9
0.8
(19.3–22.5)
Indiana
5,742
16.7
0.8
(15.1–18.3)
Iowa
5,932
21.4
0.8
(19.7–23.0)
Kansas
21,568
16.6
0.4
(15.9–17.3)
Kentucky
8,342
16.4
0.8
(14.8–17.9)
Louisiana
4,351
18.1
0.9
(16.4–19.9)
Maine
8,695
20.4
0.8
(18.8–22.0)
Maryland
11,801
14.9
0.8
(13.3–16.5)
Massachusetts
8,474
19.1
0.7
(17.8–20.4)
Michigan
8,541
19.9
0.6
(18.7–21.0)
Minnesota
15,978
20.6
0.5
(19.7–21.5)
Mississippi
5,750
12.6
0.8
(11.0–14.1)
Missouri
7,011
17.8
0.8
(16.3–19.3)
Montana
5,783
21.7
0.9
(19.9–23.6)
Nebraska
16,832
20.5
0.5
(19.4–21.5)
Nevada
2,783
14.7
1.2
(12.4–17.0)
New Hampshire
6,628
18.0
0.9
(16.3–19.7)
New Jersey
10,697
17.1
0.7
(15.7–18.4)
New Mexico
6,365
13.7
0.8
(12.2–15.3)
New York
11,400
17.7
0.5
(16.6–18.7)
North Carolina
6,294
14.6
0.6
(13.5–15.8)
North Dakota
4,727
25.1
0.9
(23.3–27.0)
Ohio
11,342
19.8
0.8
(18.3–21.3)
Oklahoma
6,629
13.9
0.8
(12.4–15.4)
Oregon
5,007
17.8
0.8
(16.3–19.3)
Pennsylvania
5,392
18.5
0.8
(17.0–20.0)
Rhode Island
5,814
17.2
0.9
(15.5–19.0)
South Carolina
11,030
16.4
0.6
(15.3–17.6)
South Dakota
6,955
18.1
0.9
(16.4–19.9)
Tennessee
5,610
11.2
0.8
(9.6–12.7)
Texas
13,647
16.1
0.6
(14.8–17.3)
Utah
10,902
11.3
0.4
(10.5–12.1)
Vermont
6,182
19.6
0.8
(17.9–21.2)
Virginia
8,242
17.1
0.6
(15.9–18.4)
Washington
15,327
16.7
0.5
(15.8–17.6)
West Virginia
5,730
11.9
0.6
(10.7–13.1)
Wisconsin
5,890
24.5
0.9
(22.7–26.2)
Wyoming
5,211
17.0
1.0
(15.0–18.9)
Guam
1,577
19.8
1.4
(17.0–22.6)
Puerto Rico
5,255
13.7
0.6
(12.4–14.9)
Median

17.2


Range 11.2–26.0

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

For men, having at least five drinks on one or more occasions during the past 30 days. For women, having at least four drinks on one or more occasions during the past 30 days.

TABLE 16. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported binge drinking during the past 30 days, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
553
21.6
2.8
(16.2–27.0)
Akron, Ohio
484
22.8
3.5
(15.8–29.7)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
878
18.9
2.1
(14.7–23.1)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,388
14.9
1.5
(11.9–17.8)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
768
18.1
3.0
(12.2–24.0)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,011
19.7
1.9
(16.0–23.5)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,920
17.2
1.2
(14.8–19.6)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
755
12.8
2.5
(7.8–17.7)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,763
20.6
1.5
(17.6–23.5)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,311
15.1
1.3
(12.6–17.5)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
595
15.3
2.0
(11.4–19.3)
Billings, Montana
653
21.5
2.2
(17.1–25.8)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,261
11.0
1.3
(8.4–13.6)
Bismarck, North Dakota
838
21.3
2.1
(17.2–25.4)
Boise City, Idaho
1,388
15.4
1.5
(12.4–18.3)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,227
20.5
1.1
(18.3–22.8)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
705
16.6
2.2
(12.3–20.9)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,702
23.1
1.5
(20.2–26.1)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,669
17.6
1.1
(15.4–19.8)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,478
17.5
1.7
(14.3–20.8)
Charleston, West Virginia
849
10.9
1.5
(7.9–13.8)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,491
19.1
1.5
(16.2–21.9)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,917
14.7
1.2
(12.4–17.0)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,523
20.8
0.9
(19.0–22.7)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,592
22.0
1.8
(18.5–25.5)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,549
14.7
1.6
(11.6–17.8)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
992
22.6
2.4
(18.0–27.3)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
527
17.4
3.5
(10.5–24.3)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,291
15.6
1.6
(12.5–18.7)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,192
18.4
1.6
(15.2–21.5)
Columbus, Ohio
1,724
20.7
1.6
(17.5–23.8)
Corpus Christi, Texas
542
16.8
3.4
(10.1–23.6)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,228
15.7
1.8
(12.2–19.2)
Dayton, Ohio
552
16.8
2.8
(11.4–22.2)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,339
18.1
0.9
(16.3–19.9)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
1,018
22.8
2.0
(19.0–26.7)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
931
24.5
2.3
(20.0–29.0)
El Paso, Texas
722
17.9
2.1
(13.7–22.0)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
958
24.5
1.8
(21.1–28.0)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
778
12.7
2.2
(8.5–17.0)
Florence, South Carolina
506
19.9
2.7
(14.7–25.1)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
571
18.8
2.9
(13.2–24.4)
Grand Island, Nebraska
748
17.1
2.2
(12.8–21.4)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
889
19.1
1.9
(15.4–22.7)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,432
15.2
1.5
(12.3–18.2)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
634
10.6
1.8
(7.0–14.2)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
744
18.2
4.4
(9.6–26.8)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,704
18.2
1.1
(16.1–20.3)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
583
18.3
2.6
(13.2–23.4)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,931
13.9
1.5
(11.0–16.9)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,182
11.5
1.4
(8.8–14.2)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
549
10.0
1.8
(6.5–13.5)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,899
17.3
1.4
(14.6–20.0)
Jackson, Mississippi
678
13.4
1.9
(9.6–17.1)
Jacksonville, Florida
628
16.0
2.6
(10.9–21.2)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,238
20.7
1.8
(17.2–24.1)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,233
18.9
1.0
(17.0–20.8)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
484
19.0
2.7
(13.7–24.4)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
494
9.5
2.4
(4.7–14.3)
Knoxville, Tennessee
549
11.1
2.4
(6.4–15.7)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,723
21.4
1.3
(18.8–24.0)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,085
20.0
2.3
(15.4–24.6)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
570
6.7
1.7
(3.4–10.1)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,698
16.4
0.9
(14.6–18.1)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,729
19.4
1.9
(15.6–23.1)
Manhattan, Kansas
659
20.0
1.9
(16.4–23.7)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
1,016
14.2
2.2
(9.8–18.6)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,897
17.2
1.4
(14.4–20.0)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,566
22.8
1.9
(19.0–26.6)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,316
20.5
0.6
(19.3–21.7)
Minot, North Dakota
496
22.2
2.8
(16.7–27.8)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania
492
18.2
2.3
(13.6–22.7)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
978
17.2
1.8
(13.6–20.7)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee§
1,014
12.8
1.7
(9.5–16.1)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,345
19.2
1.6
(16.1–22.4)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,424
17.1
1.2
(14.7–19.4)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
901
24.4
1.9
(20.6–28.2)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
7,649
17.0
0.6
(15.8–18.2)
Norfolk, Nebraska
701
21.2
2.0
(17.3–25.1)
North Platte, Nebraska
626
13.0
1.9
(9.4–16.7)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
868
16.4
1.7
(13.1–19.8)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
2,004
11.5
0.8
(9.9–13.2)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,948
15.6
1.4
(12.8–18.4)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,842
20.7
1.0
(18.8–22.7)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
938
16.0
1.9
(12.2–19.8)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
733
20.2
1.9
(16.5–24.0)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,648
14.4
0.8
(12.7–16.0)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,197
20.3
1.6
(17.1–23.5)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,567
22.8
1.5
(19.9–25.7)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
3,036
17.4
1.0
(15.5–19.3)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
6,641
16.8
1.2
(14.4–19.2)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,703
5.5
0.6
(4.2–6.7)
Raleigh, North Carolina
641
14.0
1.6
(10.9–17.1)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,285
15.3
1.9
(11.6–19.0)
Reno, Nevada
901
17.0
1.9
(13.4–20.7)
Richmond, Virginia
1,310
16.4
1.4
(13.8–19.1)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,363
15.4
1.1
(13.1–17.6)
Rochester, Minnesota
657
18.3
1.9
(14.6–22.0)
Rochester, New York
747
18.3
2.3
(13.8–22.8)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,887
18.0
1.6
(14.8–21.2)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
948
17.6
1.5
(14.6–20.5)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
591
19.9
2.0
(16.0–23.8)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,135
19.4
1.4
(16.6–22.1)
Salina, Kansas
475
19.6
2.6
(14.5–24.7)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,965
15.1
2.2
(10.8–19.4)
Salt Lake City, Utah
3,885
14.6
0.7
(13.2–16.0)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
724
14.0
1.7
(10.6–17.4)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
535
18.6
1.9
(14.9–22.3)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
593
15.4
1.8
(11.9–18.8)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,316
14.4
0.8
(12.8–16.1)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
647
11.6
1.8
(8.2–15.1)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,519
18.7
0.8
(17.2–20.2)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,184
14.4
1.8
(10.9–17.8)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
893
13.9
2.2
(9.6–18.2)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,302
17.6
1.8
(14.0–21.2)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
482
13.5
2.6
(8.3–18.6)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,482
14.6
1.5
(11.7–17.4)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,098
19.0
1.8
(15.4–22.6)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,430
19.1
1.7
(15.8–22.4)
Toledo, Ohio
690
16.7
2.4
(12.0–21.4)
Topeka, Kansas
1,973
16.5
1.2
(14.1–18.8)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,520
12.9
1.4
(10.2–15.6)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
536
15.6
2.4
(10.9–20.2)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,674
18.1
1.4
(15.3–20.9)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
2,019
19.3
1.3
(16.9–21.8)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,460
18.2
0.9
(16.5–20.0)
Wichita, Kansas
4,409
14.9
0.7
(13.5–16.4)
Wichita Falls, Texas
533
9.7
2.4
(5.0–14.3)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,134
18.1
1.5
(15.3–21.0)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,446
19.6
1.5
(16.6–22.6)
Median

17.4


Range 5.5–24.5

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

For men, having at least five drinks on one or more occasions during the past 30 days. For women, having at least four drinks on one or more occasions during the past 30 days.

§ Metropolitan division.

No Leisure-Time Physical Activity

Respondents were asked if, during the past month, they participated in any physical activities or exercises (e.g., running, calisthenics, golfing, gardening, or walking for exercise) outside of their regular job. In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported no leisure time physical activity during the preceding month ranged from 17.6% in Colorado to 47.1% in Puerto Rico (median: 25.5%) (Table 17). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 16.1% in San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California, to 47.3% in San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico (median: 24.5%) (Table 18).

TABLE 17. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported no leisure-time physical activity during the preceding month, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,269
31.0
0.8
(29.4–32.6)
Alaska
3,420
21.9
1.2
(19.5–24.3)
Arizona
7,166
24.5
0.8
(22.9–26.1)
Arkansas
4,727
33.3
1.3
(30.8–35.7)
California
10,904
19.8
0.5
(18.9–20.8)
Colorado
11,792
17.6
0.6
(16.5–18.7)
Connecticut
10,581
22.9
0.7
(21.6–24.2)
Delaware
3,774
28.7
1.2
(26.3–31.0)
District of Columbia
3,541
19.8
1.2
(17.4–22.2)
Florida
8,686
25.2
0.8
(23.7–26.7)
Georgia
4,225
26.9
1.0
(25.0–28.9)
Hawaii
6,501
22.1
0.7
(20.7–23.6)
Idaho
5,360
20.9
0.8
(19.2–22.5)
Illinois
4,924
24.3
0.8
(22.7–25.8)
Indiana
5,553
28.7
1.0
(26.8–30.6)
Iowa
5,747
25.6
0.8
(24.0–27.2)
Kansas
20,851
26.0
0.4
(25.3–26.8)
Kentucky
8,070
31.2
0.9
(29.4–32.9)
Louisiana
4,236
31.1
1.0
(29.2–33.0)
Maine
8,528
23.4
0.7
(21.9–24.8)
Maryland
11,393
23.5
0.9
(21.8–25.2)
Massachusetts
8,105
25.8
0.7
(24.4–27.2)
Michigan
8,391
24.8
0.6
(23.6–26.1)
Minnesota
15,629
21.2
0.5
(20.3–22.1)
Mississippi
5,715
35.9
1.0
(34.0–37.8)
Missouri
6,851
26.1
0.8
(24.5–27.6)
Montana
5,757
21.7
0.9
(20.0–23.4)
Nebraska
16,319
24.8
0.5
(23.7–25.8)
Nevada
2,738
24.4
1.4
(21.7–27.0)
New Hampshire
6,394
21.8
0.8
(20.2–23.5)
New Jersey
10,486
26.7
0.8
(25.2–28.2)
New Mexico
6,120
22.1
0.8
(20.5–23.7)
New York
10,969
28.9
0.6
(27.7–30.2)
North Carolina
6,278
25.5
0.7
(24.1–26.8)
North Dakota
4,633
26.3
0.9
(24.6–28.1)
Ohio
10,963
26.1
0.8
(24.6–27.6)
Oklahoma
6,481
32.4
0.9
(30.7–34.2)
Oregon
4,819
18.1
0.8
(16.5–19.6)
Pennsylvania
5,265
26.9
0.9
(25.1–28.6)
Rhode Island
5,498
27.4
1.0
(25.4–29.3)
South Carolina
10,775
25.9
0.6
(24.6–27.1)
South Dakota
6,860
20.7
0.9
(19.0–22.4)
Tennessee
5,389
29.4
1.0
(27.4–31.5)
Texas
12,938
29.3
0.8
(27.8–30.9)
Utah
10,609
20.5
0.5
(19.5–21.4)
Vermont
6,006
21.3
0.8
(19.8–22.9)
Virginia
8,114
24.7
0.7
(23.3–26.0)
Washington
15,013
18.7
0.5
(17.8–19.7)
West Virginia
5,712
29.4
0.8
(27.9–30.9)
Wisconsin
5,534
21.0
0.8
(19.4–22.6)
Wyoming
5,040
25.8
1.0
(23.7–27.8)
Guam
1,514
32.7
1.8
(29.2–36.1)
Puerto Rico
5,301
47.1
0.9
(45.4–48.8)
Median

25.5


Range 17.6–47.1

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Any physical activities or exercises such as running, calisthenics, golfing, gardening, or walking for exercise.

TABLE 18. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported no leisure-time physical activity during the preceding month, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
550
23.5
2.8
(18.1–28.9)
Akron, Ohio
452
29.8
4.2
(21.5–38.0)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
845
24.9
2.2
(20.5–29.2)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,338
18.1
1.5
(15.3–21.0)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
749
28.6
3.3
(22.1–35.1)
Anchorage, Alaska
996
23.5
2.0
(19.5–27.5)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,852
24.3
1.4
(21.5–27.1)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
737
29.3
3.5
(22.4–36.2)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,680
21.4
1.5
(18.5–24.3)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,194
22.8
1.3
(20.4–25.3)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
577
29.9
2.4
(25.1–34.7)
Billings, Montana
645
19.6
2.1
(15.6–23.7)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,215
30.9
1.9
(27.1–34.6)
Bismarck, North Dakota
821
24.4
2.1
(20.2–28.6)
Boise City, Idaho
1,347
18.4
1.5
(15.4–21.3)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,119
26.1
1.3
(23.6–28.7)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
686
27.2
2.5
(22.3–32.1)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,663
19.8
1.4
(17.1–22.5)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,586
23.9
1.3
(21.3–26.5)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,433
25.9
1.8
(22.4–29.4)
Charleston, West Virginia
843
32.2
2.0
(28.2–36.2)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,447
22.3
1.5
(19.3–25.3)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,886
24.9
1.4
(22.1–27.7)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,379
24.8
1.0
(22.9–26.7)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,559
21.9
1.6
(18.8–25.0)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,493
22.1
1.6
(18.9–25.3)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
956
26.3
2.4
(21.7–31.0)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
507
26.0
4.0
(18.2–33.8)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,275
18.1
1.5
(15.1–21.1)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,165
23.2
1.6
(20.1–26.4)
Columbus, Ohio
1,654
25.2
1.7
(21.9–28.4)
Corpus Christi, Texas
523
32.3
3.9
(24.7–39.8)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,167
27.7
2.3
(23.1–32.3)
Dayton, Ohio
528
23.2
2.6
(18.2–28.3)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,132
17.0
0.8
(15.4–18.6)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
985
22.4
2.0
(18.5–26.2)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
906
18.8
1.7
(15.6–22.1)
El Paso, Texas
684
33.4
2.5
(28.5–38.4)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
934
21.3
1.6
(18.1–24.5)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
747
21.0
2.3
(16.4–25.6)
Florence, South Carolina
495
31.1
2.8
(25.6–36.6)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
547
25.9
2.7
(20.7–31.1)
Grand Island, Nebraska
728
30.1
2.3
(25.5–34.7)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
882
22.9
2.0
(18.9–26.8)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,390
23.3
1.6
(20.2–26.5)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
626
33.3
2.5
(28.4–38.2)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
730
32.8
4.4
(24.1–41.5)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,568
24.1
1.2
(21.8–26.4)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
581
20.5
2.7
(15.3–25.7)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,835
29.4
2.0
(25.5–33.3)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,164
30.0
1.7
(26.6–33.4)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
530
22.0
2.3
(17.5–26.6)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,834
26.4
1.5
(23.4–29.3)
Jackson, Mississippi
674
34.0
2.4
(29.2–38.8)
Jacksonville, Florida
597
22.7
2.7
(17.4–27.9)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,185
25.4
1.8
(21.9–28.9)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,016
23.9
1.0
(21.9–25.8)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
479
23.1
2.8
(17.5–28.6)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
480
27.5
3.7
(20.3–34.8)
Knoxville, Tennessee
526
22.6
2.4
(17.8–27.4)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,689
18.2
1.2
(15.9–20.5)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,035
33.1
2.6
(28.1–38.1)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
547
19.7
2.1
(15.5–23.9)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,545
18.9
1.0
(17.0–20.9)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,667
30.7
2.0
(26.8–34.7)
Manhattan, Kansas
639
19.1
1.8
(15.7–22.6)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
994
27.4
2.3
(22.8–31.9)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,811
25.6
1.5
(22.6–28.5)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,469
21.6
2.0
(17.8–25.5)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,107
19.2
0.6
(18.0–20.4)
Minot, North Dakota
485
31.3
3.0
(25.3–37.2)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
484
23.5
2.6
(18.3–28.6)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
961
22.6
1.8
(19.0–26.1)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
982
30.8
2.4
(26.0–35.6)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,296
24.6
1.5
(21.6–27.6)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,373
24.8
1.2
(22.4–27.2)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
874
28.1
1.9
(24.4–31.7)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
7,411
29.5
0.8
(28.0–31.0)
Norfolk, Nebraska
675
25.6
2.1
(21.5–29.7)
North Platte, Nebraska
605
25.9
2.1
(21.7–30.1)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
826
16.5
1.7
(13.1–19.9)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
1,945
21.8
1.1
(19.6–23.9)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,897
28.9
1.6
(25.8–32.0)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,735
24.0
1.0
(22.1–26.0)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
899
23.6
2.1
(19.4–27.8)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
714
29.6
2.4
(24.9–34.2)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,495
24.3
1.0
(22.3–26.3)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,177
26.3
1.6
(23.1–29.5)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,511
18.0
1.1
(15.8–20.3)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
2,938
16.6
1.0
(14.6–18.5)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
6,281
29.0
1.2
(26.7–31.3)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,640
18.3
1.1
(16.2–20.5)
Raleigh, North Carolina
645
22.7
1.9
(18.9–26.4)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,268
18.2
1.8
(14.6–21.8)
Reno, Nevada
875
19.3
1.9
(15.6–23.0)
Richmond, Virginia
1,288
25.0
1.6
(21.9–28.2)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,294
25.2
1.5
(22.3–28.1)
Rochester, Minnesota
651
24.4
2.1
(20.2–28.5)
Rochester, New York
709
30.9
2.7
(25.7–36.2)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,824
20.8
1.5
(17.9–23.8)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
903
18.2
1.6
(15.2–21.3)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
585
20.8
2.0
(17.0–24.7)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,097
24.5
1.5
(21.7–27.4)
Salina, Kansas
459
28.1
2.8
(22.6–33.6)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,900
30.0
2.8
(24.6–35.5)
Salt Lake City, Utah
3,792
20.9
0.8
(19.3–22.5)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
695
29.3
2.4
(24.6–34.1)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
503
17.5
2.7
(12.2–22.8)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
570
16.1
1.8
(12.6–19.6)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,351
47.3
1.1
(45.2–49.5)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
621
28.0
2.4
(23.3–32.7)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,423
16.3
0.7
(14.8–17.7)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,139
18.5
1.7
(15.2–21.7)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
860
23.6
2.7
(18.3–29.0)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,285
19.6
1.7
(16.2–23.0)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
467
28.1
2.9
(22.5–33.7)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,450
18.3
1.3
(15.7–20.9)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,040
24.8
2.0
(21.0–28.7)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,376
25.3
1.9
(21.6–28.9)
Toledo, Ohio
671
24.8
2.6
(19.7–30.0)
Topeka, Kansas
1,903
29.4
1.5
(26.6–32.3)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,492
32.7
1.8
(29.1–36.3)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
526
34.9
2.9
(29.3–40.5)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,662
23.7
1.4
(21.0–26.4)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
1,991
23.4
1.3
(20.9–25.9)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,210
21.9
1.0
(19.8–23.9)
Wichita, Kansas
4,238
26.7
0.9
(24.9–28.6)
Wichita Falls, Texas
504
35.1
4.3
(26.6–43.6)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,081
27.6
1.6
(24.6–30.7)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,378
27.9
1.7
(24.5–31.3)
Median

24.5


Range 16.1–47.3

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Any physical activities or exercises such as running, calisthenics, golfing, gardening, or walking for exercise.

§ Metropolitan division.

Consuming Fruit Less than Once per Day

Adults aged ≥18 years were asked how frequently they consumed fruit (fresh, frozen, or canned) or 100% pure fruit juice during the preceding month. The age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults who consumed fruit or fruit juice less than once per day during the preceding month ranged from 33.3% in New Hampshire to 55.5% in Puerto Rico (median: 40.5%) (Table 19). Among 130 selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 30.1% in Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland, to 57.3% in Tuscaloosa, Alabama (median: 40.3%) (Table 20).

TABLE 19. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported consuming fruit less than once per day during the preceding month, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,124
48.2
0.9
(46.5–50.0)
Alaska
3,365
41.0
1.4
(38.2–43.7)
Arizona
7,075
40.0
0.9
(38.1–41.8)
Arkansas
4,642
50.0
1.4
(47.2–52.7)
California
11,090
36.1
0.6
(34.9–37.3)
Colorado
11,563
35.8
0.7
(34.3–37.2)
Connecticut
10,535
36.4
0.8
(34.9–37.9)
Delaware
3,670
38.9
1.3
(36.3–41.4)
District of Columbia
3,474
36.6
1.6
(33.5–39.8)
Florida
8,643
39.9
0.9
(38.2–41.6)
Georgia
4,144
44.9
1.1
(42.7–47.1)
Hawaii
6,572
41.8
0.9
(40.1–43.6)
Idaho
5,334
39.4
1.0
(37.4–41.5)
Illinois
4,957
38.7
0.9
(36.9–40.6)
Indiana
5,505
42.7
1.1
(40.6–44.8)
Iowa
5,660
42.4
1.0
(40.5–44.3)
Kansas
20,531
44.1
0.5
(43.2–45.0)
Kentucky
7,968
47.0
1.0
(45.1–49.0)
Louisiana
4,125
50.4
1.1
(48.3–52.5)
Maine
8,476
35.9
0.9
(34.1–37.7)
Maryland
11,257
36.2
1.0
(34.1–38.2)
Massachusetts
7,951
34.5
0.8
(33.0–36.0)
Michigan
8,252
40.5
0.8
(39.0–42.0)
Minnesota
15,389
37.4
0.5
(36.4–38.5)
Mississippi
5,469
51.3
1.0
(49.3–53.4)
Missouri
6,720
44.5
0.9
(42.7–46.4)
Montana
5,605
39.7
1.1
(37.6–41.8)
Nebraska
16,135
41.4
0.7
(40.1–42.7)
Nevada
2,670
36.9
1.6
(33.8–39.9)
New Hampshire
6,355
33.3
1.0
(31.4–35.3)
New Jersey
10,240
36.6
0.8
(35.0–38.3)
New Mexico
6,059
43.8
1.1
(41.7–46.0)
New York
10,918
37.9
0.7
(36.5–39.2)
North Carolina
6,085
43.3
0.8
(41.7–44.9)
North Dakota
4,579
40.9
1.0
(38.9–43.0)
Ohio
10,734
43.3
0.9
(41.5–45.0)
Oklahoma
6,411
51.3
1.0
(49.4–53.3)
Oregon
4,741
36.9
1.0
(34.9–38.8)
Pennsylvania
5,180
39.6
1.0
(37.7–41.6)
Rhode Island
5,474
38.4
1.1
(36.2–40.6)
South Carolina
10,479
47.6
0.8
(46.1–49.1)
South Dakota
6,791
43.2
1.1
(40.9–45.4)
Tennessee
5,251
45.2
1.2
(42.9–47.5)
Texas
12,819
42.7
0.8
(41.0–44.3)
Utah
10,487
37.3
0.6
(36.2–38.5)
Vermont
5,945
34.3
0.9
(32.5–36.1)
Virginia
7,938
40.3
0.8
(38.8–41.9)
Washington
14,798
36.9
0.6
(35.7–38.0)
West Virginia
5,451
50.3
0.9
(48.6–52.1)
Wisconsin
5,566
38.4
1.0
(36.4–40.4)
Wyoming
4,941
42.0
1.2
(39.6–44.4)
Guam
1,531
42.3
1.8
(38.8–45.8)
Puerto Rico
5,071
55.5
0.9
(53.8–57.2)
Median

40.5


Range 33.3–55.5

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Fresh fruit, frozen fruit, canned fruit, or 100% pure fruit juice.

TABLE 20. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported consuming fruit less than once per day during the preceding month, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
550
40.1
3.0
(34.1–46.0)
Akron, Ohio
443
41.0
3.9
(33.3–48.7)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
836
37.3
2.4
(32.6–42.0)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,336
44.6
2.0
(40.7–48.5)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
737
41.0
3.9
(33.4–48.6)
Anchorage, Alaska
993
39.6
2.3
(35.2–44.1)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,816
40.9
1.6
(37.8–44.0)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
721
46.1
3.7
(38.9–53.3)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,667
41.8
1.9
(38.1–45.5)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,144
37.6
1.6
(34.4–40.8)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
561
51.1
2.7
(45.8–56.4)
Billings, Montana
630
40.2
2.8
(34.8–45.6)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,192
45.9
2.1
(41.9–50.0)
Bismarck, North Dakota
817
38.0
2.5
(33.1–42.9)
Boise City, Idaho
1,342
39.7
2.0
(35.9–43.6)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,091
36.3
1.5
(33.4–39.1)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
684
33.1
2.6
(27.9–38.2)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,642
31.7
1.6
(28.5–34.8)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,526
31.7
1.4
(29.0–34.4)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,419
37.3
2.0
(33.3–41.2)
Charleston, West Virginia
821
48.7
2.2
(44.3–53.1)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,441
44.8
1.8
(41.3–48.3)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,845
44.2
1.7
(41.0–47.5)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,411
37.5
1.2
(35.2–39.8)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,534
42.3
2.1
(38.1–46.5)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,481
35.1
2.2
(30.7–39.4)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
943
39.3
2.7
(34.0–44.5)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
497
47.8
4.7
(38.7–57.0)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,254
35.3
2.0
(31.3–39.2)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,136
48.9
2.0
(44.9–52.9)
Columbus, Ohio
1,638
43.5
1.9
(39.7–47.2)
Corpus Christi, Texas
511
49.6
4.3
(41.1–58.0)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,156
34.4
2.4
(29.8–39.1)
Dayton, Ohio
522
43.8
3.4
(37.1–50.5)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,052
35.5
1.1
(33.3–37.7)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
977
41.4
2.3
(37.0–45.9)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
894
35.1
2.4
(30.3–39.9)
El Paso, Texas
676
43.5
2.6
(38.4–48.6)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
927
42.2
2.0
(38.2–46.2)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
743
42.1
3.3
(35.6–48.7)
Florence, South Carolina
481
51.3
3.1
(45.1–57.4)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
540
39.1
3.2
(32.7–45.4)
Grand Island, Nebraska
716
43.4
2.8
(37.9–49.0)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
868
42.3
2.3
(37.8–46.8)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,363
46.7
2.0
(42.8–50.6)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
599
51.8
3.0
(45.9–57.6)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
703
52.4
4.3
(43.9–60.9)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,547
36.0
1.3
(33.5–38.5)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
574
42.2
3.2
(35.9–48.5)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,819
42.5
2.2
(38.3–46.8)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,129
51.5
2.0
(47.6–55.3)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
528
35.7
2.7
(30.5–41.0)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,808
39.6
1.7
(36.2–42.9)
Jackson, Mississippi
645
50.2
2.7
(45.0–55.4)
Jacksonville, Florida
599
37.5
3.0
(31.6–43.4)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,195
37.2
2.0
(33.3–41.2)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
6,931
43.5
1.1
(41.2–45.7)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
481
44.0
3.2
(37.6–50.3)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
470
52.9
4.0
(45.2–60.7)
Knoxville, Tennessee
516
44.4
3.3
(37.9–50.8)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,667
38.3
1.6
(35.3–41.4)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,018
56.2
2.6
(51.1–61.4)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
547
35.6
2.5
(30.7–40.6)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,596
36.9
1.2
(34.5–39.3)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,666
46.6
2.2
(42.2–50.9)
Manhattan, Kansas
632
41.0
2.4
(36.4–45.7)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
955
44.9
2.9
(39.2–50.6)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,809
37.8
1.7
(34.4–41.2)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,481
36.3
2.2
(32.0–40.7)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
7,995
35.8
0.7
(34.4–37.2)
Minot, North Dakota
479
44.7
3.4
(38.0–51.4)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
479
34.7
3.0
(28.9–40.5)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
931
40.4
2.6
(35.4–45.4)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
962
45.2
2.5
(40.3–50.2)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,306
37.9
1.9
(34.2–41.7)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,294
37.5
1.5
(34.6–40.4)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
861
45.5
2.2
(41.1–49.8)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
7,288
37.0
0.8
(35.4–38.6)
Norfolk, Nebraska
667
43.8
2.5
(39.0–48.7)
North Platte, Nebraska
610
44.5
2.8
(38.9–50.0)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
833
32.4
2.1
(28.3–36.5)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
1,922
39.2
1.3
(36.6–41.8)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,889
50.8
1.8
(47.2–54.3)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,697
41.8
1.2
(39.5–44.1)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
896
41.9
2.5
(37.0–46.9)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
693
39.0
2.5
(34.1–43.8)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,439
39.0
1.1
(36.8–41.2)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,174
40.7
1.9
(36.9–44.4)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,505
33.4
1.6
(30.3–36.5)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
2,905
35.5
1.3
(33.0–38.0)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
6,249
36.7
1.3
(34.2–39.2)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,633
35.9
1.4
(33.2–38.6)
Raleigh, North Carolina
633
37.7
2.2
(33.4–42.1)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,256
40.2
2.4
(35.4–45.0)
Reno, Nevada
868
34.5
2.3
(30.0–39.1)
Richmond, Virginia
1,261
37.6
1.8
(34.1–41.1)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,316
36.6
1.7
(33.3–39.8)
Rochester, Minnesota
640
35.9
2.4
(31.2–40.7)
Rochester, New York
708
35.8
2.8
(30.3–41.2)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,810
34.4
1.9
(30.8–38.1)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
908
37.1
1.9
(33.3–40.9)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
583
38.5
2.4
(33.8–43.3)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,073
40.1
1.6
(37.0–43.3)
Salina, Kansas
448
43.4
3.1
(37.3–49.5)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,855
41.6
2.8
(36.0–47.1)
Salt Lake City, Utah
3,746
35.8
1.0
(33.9–37.7)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
691
44.8
2.6
(39.7–50.0)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
516
33.1
2.7
(27.8–38.4)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
576
33.8
2.4
(29.1–38.6)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,205
55.8
1.1
(53.6–58.0)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
615
37.6
2.6
(32.5–42.7)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,340
36.7
0.9
(34.9–38.5)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,114
30.1
2.1
(25.9–34.3)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
846
44.2
3.9
(36.6–51.7)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,282
45.7
2.3
(41.2–50.3)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
451
40.3
3.5
(33.4–47.1)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,430
40.6
2.0
(36.7–44.4)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,016
43.6
2.4
(38.9–48.2)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,363
40.4
2.1
(36.3–44.5)
Toledo, Ohio
653
46.1
3.1
(40.0–52.2)
Topeka, Kansas
1,865
46.5
1.6
(43.4–49.6)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,477
49.7
2.0
(45.8–53.6)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
516
57.3
2.8
(51.8–62.9)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,628
39.4
1.7
(36.1–42.8)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
1,977
37.8
1.5
(34.8–40.7)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,081
36.4
1.2
(34.1–38.7)
Wichita, Kansas
4,188
44.5
1.0
(42.5–46.6)
Wichita Falls, Texas
499
48.3
4.2
(40.1–56.5)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,040
37.9
1.7
(34.6–41.3)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,354
34.9
1.8
(31.3–38.5)
Median

40.3


Range 30.1–57.3

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Fresh fruit, frozen fruit, canned fruit, or 100% pure fruit juice.

§ Metropolitan division.

Consuming Vegetables Less than Once per Day

Respondents aged ≥18 years were asked how frequently they consumed dark green vegetables, orange-colored vegetables, beans, or other vegetables during the preceding month. In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults who reported consuming vegetables less than once per day during the preceding month ranged from 16.6% in Oregon to 31.3% in Mississippi (median: 22.4%) (Table 21). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 13.6% in San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California to 32.0% in Jackson, Mississippi (median: 22.3%) (Table 22).

TABLE 21. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported consuming vegetables less than once per day during the preceding month, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
6,938
28.2
0.8
(26.6–29.8)
Alaska
3,322
18.9
1.1
(16.7–21.1)
Arizona
6,909
20.8
0.8
(19.1–22.4)
Arkansas
4,526
28.6
1.3
(26.0–31.2)
California
10,851
18.8
0.5
(17.8–19.8)
Colorado
11,361
17.8
0.6
(16.6–19.0)
Connecticut
10,352
19.9
0.7
(18.5–21.2)
Delaware
3,571
20.9
1.1
(18.8–23.1)
District of Columbia
3,414
19.2
1.4
(16.6–21.9)
Florida
8,480
21.6
0.7
(20.1–23.0)
Georgia
4,087
24.8
1.0
(22.8–26.8)
Hawaii
6,438
21.7
0.8
(20.1–23.3)
Idaho
5,235
18.7
0.9
(17.0–20.4)
Illinois
4,894
24.6
0.9
(22.9–26.3)
Indiana
5,392
26.8
1.0
(24.9–28.8)
Iowa
5,566
27.2
0.9
(25.5–29.0)
Kansas
20,067
22.5
0.4
(21.7–23.3)
Kentucky
7,758
24.8
0.9
(23.1–26.5)
Louisiana
4,038
30.8
1.0
(28.9–32.8)
Maine
8,357
18.7
0.7
(17.2–20.1)
Maryland
11,016
21.5
0.9
(19.7–23.3)
Massachusetts
7,796
18.4
0.7
(17.1–19.8)
Michigan
8,157
25.2
0.7
(23.9–26.5)
Minnesota
15,078
22.5
0.5
(21.5–23.4)
Mississippi
5,403
31.3
1.0
(29.3–33.3)
Missouri
6,576
23.3
0.8
(21.7–24.9)
Montana
5,502
19.3
0.9
(17.6–21.0)
Nebraska
15,850
24.9
0.6
(23.8–26.1)
Nevada
2,612
19.2
1.3
(16.7–21.8)
New Hampshire
6,213
17.6
0.8
(15.9–19.2)
New Jersey
10,059
22.3
0.7
(20.9–23.8)
New Mexico
5,960
21.8
0.9
(20.0–23.6)
New York
10,698
22.5
0.6
(21.3–23.7)
North Carolina
5,959
21.6
0.7
(20.2–23.0)
North Dakota
4,519
27.7
1.0
(25.8–29.6)
Ohio
10,509
24.7
0.8
(23.2–26.2)
Oklahoma
6,262
24.5
0.9
(22.8–26.3)
Oregon
4,651
16.6
0.8
(15.0–18.2)
Pennsylvania
5,111
24.2
0.9
(22.4–26.0)
Rhode Island
5,309
24.1
1.0
(22.1–26.2)
South Carolina
10,293
25.5
0.7
(24.1–26.8)
South Dakota
6,698
26.5
1.0
(24.4–28.5)
Tennessee
5,103
22.4
1.0
(20.5–24.3)
Texas
12,486
19.6
0.7
(18.2–21.0)
Utah
10,359
19.9
0.5
(18.9–20.9)
Vermont
5,838
17.8
0.8
(16.3–19.3)
Virginia
7,811
21.9
0.7
(20.5–23.3)
Washington
14,526
16.9
0.5
(16.0–17.9)
West Virginia
5,431
26.4
0.8
(24.9–27.9)
Wisconsin
5,507
24.1
0.9
(22.4–25.9)
Wyoming
4,841
21.7
1.1
(19.6–23.9)
Guam
1,502
27.1
1.7
(23.9–30.4)
Puerto Rico
5,148
24.5
0.8
(23.0–26.0)
Median

22.4


Range 16.6–31.3

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Dark green vegetables, orange-colored vegetables, beans, or other vegetables.

TABLE 22. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who reported consuming vegetables less than once per day during the preceding month, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
538
26.5
3.0
(20.5–32.4)
Akron, Ohio
427
16.1
2.2
(11.7–20.5)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
821
23.7
2.2
(19.4–28.1)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,322
20.3
1.7
(17.0–23.5)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
721
28.0
3.8
(20.5–35.5)
Anchorage, Alaska
978
16.6
1.7
(13.2–20.0)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,810
22.0
1.4
(19.2–24.7)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
704
26.1
3.1
(20.0–32.2)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,636
15.6
1.4
(13.0–18.3)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,059
23.0
1.5
(20.2–25.9)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
551
30.9
2.5
(26.0–35.8)
Billings, Montana
622
20.5
2.1
(16.4–24.6)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,167
29.0
2.0
(25.1–32.8)
Bismarck, North Dakota
808
26.2
2.3
(21.7–30.7)
Boise City, Idaho
1,309
19.7
1.7
(16.5–23.0)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,044
18.3
1.1
(16.0–20.5)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
671
24.6
2.6
(19.5–29.8)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,613
14.4
1.3
(11.9–16.8)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,491
15.4
1.1
(13.3–17.6)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,375
21.6
1.7
(18.3–24.9)
Charleston, West Virginia
806
25.9
2.0
(21.9–29.9)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,400
23.5
1.6
(20.4–26.5)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,820
22.3
1.5
(19.4–25.2)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,364
23.6
1.0
(21.6–25.6)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,517
25.1
1.9
(21.4–28.8)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,451
21.1
2.0
(17.1–25.1)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
928
23.2
2.2
(18.8–27.6)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
487
17.1
3.8
(9.7–24.5)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,225
20.2
1.8
(16.7–23.7)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,127
25.9
1.9
(22.3–29.6)
Columbus, Ohio
1,602
23.5
1.7
(20.2–26.8)
Corpus Christi, Texas
495
20.5
3.5
(13.6–27.3)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,115
17.1
2.0
(13.2–21.0)
Dayton, Ohio
511
22.4
3.0
(16.6–28.2)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
4,952
16.9
0.8
(15.3–18.6)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
960
27.6
2.1
(23.5–31.7)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
876
17.7
1.7
(14.3–21.1)
El Paso, Texas
667
20.8
2.2
(16.5–25.2)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
902
28.1
1.9
(24.3–31.9)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
722
22.4
3.0
(16.4–28.3)
Florence, South Carolina
475
28.4
2.7
(23.1–33.7)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
521
20.4
2.9
(14.8–26.0)
Grand Island, Nebraska
707
27.6
2.7
(22.3–32.8)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
857
25.7
2.1
(21.6–29.9)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,331
22.8
1.7
(19.5–26.1)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
590
24.6
2.8
(19.0–30.1)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
696
29.6
4.5
(20.8–38.4)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,479
21.0
1.2
(18.7–23.3)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
556
23.7
2.9
(18.0–29.5)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,784
20.0
1.9
(16.3–23.6)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,124
26.3
1.8
(22.8–29.7)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
522
20.0
2.3
(15.5–24.5)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,786
25.4
1.6
(22.4–28.5)
Jackson, Mississippi
642
32.0
2.6
(26.9–37.0)
Jacksonville, Florida
582
24.4
3.0
(18.5–30.3)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,170
19.3
1.7
(16.0–22.6)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
6,830
21.3
1.0
(19.4–23.2)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
462
23.8
3.0
(18.0–29.7)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
459
28.8
3.9
(21.2–36.3)
Knoxville, Tennessee
505
19.7
2.7
(14.3–25.0)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,652
21.9
1.4
(19.3–24.6)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,005
30.7
2.6
(25.5–35.8)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
535
19.0
2.1
(15.0–23.1)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,529
19.6
1.0
(17.6–21.7)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,618
24.5
2.0
(20.6–28.4)
Manhattan, Kansas
621
20.7
2.0
(16.8–24.6)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
944
26.2
2.6
(21.1–31.2)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,779
19.2
1.4
(16.5–21.9)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,458
24.3
2.0
(20.3–28.3)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
7,832
21.6
0.6
(20.4–22.9)
Minot, North Dakota
476
28.0
3.2
(21.8–34.3)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
471
21.4
2.8
(15.9–26.8)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
911
19.3
2.1
(15.2–23.5)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
937
20.1
1.8
(16.5–23.6)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,276
22.1
1.7
(18.8–25.3)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,256
22.3
1.3
(19.7–24.9)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
840
27.5
1.9
(23.8–31.2)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
7,162
22.2
0.7
(20.8–23.6)
Norfolk, Nebraska
660
26.9
2.2
(22.6–31.2)
North Platte, Nebraska
595
24.4
2.5
(19.4–29.3)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
823
15.2
1.6
(12.0–18.4)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
1,906
21.1
1.1
(19.0–23.3)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,856
23.1
1.6
(20.0–26.2)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,634
25.7
1.1
(23.6–27.8)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
885
19.4
2.0
(15.4–23.4)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
684
22.5
2.1
(18.4–26.6)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,345
20.4
1.0
(18.5–22.3)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,155
27.1
1.8
(23.5–30.7)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,467
16.0
1.2
(13.6–18.3)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
2,848
14.9
1.0
(12.9–16.9)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
6,068
25.3
1.4
(22.5–28.1)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,617
17.7
1.2
(15.4–20.0)
Raleigh, North Carolina
616
16.0
1.8
(12.6–19.5)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,248
22.7
2.2
(18.3–27.1)
Reno, Nevada
849
19.1
1.9
(15.4–22.9)
Richmond, Virginia
1,242
24.4
1.6
(21.2–27.6)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,290
19.5
1.4
(16.8–22.3)
Rochester, Minnesota
639
23.4
2.2
(19.0–27.8)
Rochester, New York
702
23.6
2.5
(18.8–28.5)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,791
17.2
1.6
(14.1–20.3)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
899
19.5
1.6
(16.3–22.7)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
568
24.1
2.1
(20.0–28.2)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,033
25.0
1.6
(21.9–28.0)
Salina, Kansas
438
23.8
2.7
(18.4–29.1)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,808
26.6
2.9
(20.9–32.3)
Salt Lake City, Utah
3,697
20.0
0.8
(18.4–21.7)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
677
17.5
1.9
(13.9–21.2)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
504
14.2
2.0
(10.3–18.2)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
566
13.6
1.7
(10.3–16.9)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,247
25.3
1.0
(23.4–27.2)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
602
27.3
2.4
(22.5–32.1)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,246
15.6
0.7
(14.2–17.0)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,072
15.1
1.7
(11.8–18.5)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
831
27.4
3.6
(20.3–34.4)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,258
28.9
2.1
(24.8–33.1)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
447
22.9
3.1
(16.9–29.0)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,401
17.2
1.4
(14.4–20.0)
Springfield, Massachusetts
989
22.1
2.0
(18.2–26.0)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,341
21.9
1.9
(18.2–25.5)
Toledo, Ohio
640
27.4
2.8
(22.0–32.8)
Topeka, Kansas
1,823
23.1
1.4
(20.4–25.9)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,439
21.1
1.7
(17.7–24.5)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
508
29.8
2.7
(24.5–35.0)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,597
22.3
1.5
(19.3–25.3)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
1,943
21.9
1.3
(19.4–24.4)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
6,977
19.2
1.0
(17.3–21.1)
Wichita, Kansas
4,095
23.5
0.9
(21.6–25.3)
Wichita Falls, Texas
487
25.2
4.2
(17.0–33.4)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
1,985
21.3
1.6
(18.3–24.4)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,340
20.3
1.6
(17.2–23.4)
Median

22.3


Range 13.6–32.0

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Dark green vegetables, orange-colored vegetables, beans, or other vegetables.

§ Metropolitan division.

Chronic Conditions

Obesity

Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 (BMI was calculated by dividing weight [in kilograms] by height [in meters] squared). Both height and weight were self-reported. In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of obesity among adults aged ≥18 years ranged from 19.9% in Colorado to 36.0% in Louisiana (median: 29.5%) (Table 23). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of obesity among adults aged ≥18 years ranged from 17.8% in Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California, to 41.6% in Corpus Christi, Texas (median: 28.5%) (Table 24).

TABLE 23. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of obesity among adults aged ≥18 years, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,383
35.5
0.8
(33.9–37.2)
Alaska
3,434
29.9
1.2
(27.4–32.3)
Arizona
7,152
28.4
0.8
(26.8–30.1)
Arkansas
4,813
34.4
1.3
(31.8–36.9)
California
11,459
24.0
0.5
(23.0–25.1)
Colorado
12,183
19.9
0.6
(18.8–21.0)
Connecticut
10,901
24.6
0.6
(23.4–25.9)
Delaware
3,688
29.2
1.2
(26.9–31.5)
District of Columbia
3,654
22.7
1.2
(20.3–25.2)
Florida
8,985
26.3
0.7
(24.9–27.7)
Georgia
4,269
30.2
1.0
(28.3–32.2)
Hawaii
6,822
22.9
0.7
(21.4–24.3)
Idaho
5,358
28.4
0.9
(26.6–30.2)
Illinois
5,081
30.2
0.9
(28.5–31.9)
Indiana
5,647
30.8
1.0
(28.9–32.7)
Iowa
5,614
31.8
0.9
(30.1–33.6)
Kansas
20,930
34.1
0.4
(33.2–34.9)
Kentucky
8,130
34.2
0.9
(32.3–36.0)
Louisiana
4,324
36.0
1.0
(34.0–37.9)
Maine
8,579
29.6
0.8
(28.0–31.2)
Maryland
11,357
28.2
0.9
(26.4–30.1)
Massachusetts
8,206
23.5
0.7
(22.2–24.8)
Michigan
8,329
30.8
0.7
(29.4–32.1)
Minnesota
15,340
25.5
0.5
(24.6–26.4)
Mississippi
5,664
35.8
1.0
(33.8–37.8)
Missouri
6,764
32.1
0.9
(30.4–33.8)
Montana
5,563
23.0
0.9
(21.3–24.7)
Nebraska
16,265
30.9
0.6
(29.7–32.1)
Nevada
2,701
26.4
1.4
(23.7–29.2)
New Hampshire
6,366
25.7
0.9
(24.0–27.4)
New Jersey
10,184
24.9
0.7
(23.6–26.3)
New Mexico
6,206
29.1
1.0
(27.2–31.0)
New York
11,281
24.6
0.6
(23.4–25.7)
North Carolina
6,019
29.7
0.8
(28.2–31.2)
North Dakota
4,612
30.7
0.9
(28.9–32.5)
Ohio
10,924
29.1
0.8
(27.6–30.6)
Oklahoma
6,521
33.7
0.9
(32.0–35.5)
Oregon
4,905
29.9
0.9
(28.1–31.6)
Pennsylvania
5,335
29.2
0.9
(27.5–30.9)
Rhode Island
5,668
25.4
0.9
(23.7–27.2)
South Carolina
10,865
31.5
0.7
(30.2–32.8)
South Dakota
6,707
30.0
1.0
(28.0–32.0)
Tennessee
5,475
33.6
1.1
(31.5–35.7)
Texas
13,230
32.1
0.8
(30.6–33.6)
Utah
10,455
24.7
0.5
(23.7–25.7)
Vermont
6,008
24.4
0.8
(22.9–25.9)
Virginia
8,030
28.8
0.7
(27.4–30.2)
Washington
14,694
26.0
0.5
(25.0–27.0)
West Virginia
5,471
35.2
0.8
(33.6–36.7)
Wisconsin
5,755
30.0
0.9
(28.2–31.8)
Wyoming
5,010
28.8
1.1
(26.7–31.0)
Guam
1,588
30.8
1.7
(27.5–34.2)
Puerto Rico
5,154
29.5
0.8
(27.9–31.2)
Median

29.5


Range 19.9–36.0

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2.

TABLE 24. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of obesity among adults aged ≥18 years, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
533
29.9
2.7
(24.6–35.3)
Akron, Ohio
465
25.3
3.4
(18.5–32.0)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
859
27.8
2.2
(23.5–32.0)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,363
28.1
1.8
(24.6–31.6)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
726
33.3
3.5
(26.4–40.2)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,011
29.7
2.0
(25.7–33.6)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,851
26.4
1.4
(23.7–29.2)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
736
24.9
2.3
(20.3–29.5)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,716
25.8
1.6
(22.6–28.9)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,166
29.9
1.5
(27.0–32.8)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
606
34.0
2.4
(29.2–38.8)
Billings, Montana
625
25.8
2.5
(20.9–30.6)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,239
34.1
1.9
(30.5–37.8)
Bismarck, North Dakota
808
33.1
2.3
(28.5–37.7)
Boise City, Idaho
1,355
27.7
1.7
(24.4–31.1)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,164
21.8
1.2
(19.4–24.1)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
690
32.0
2.7
(26.8–37.2)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,654
20.3
1.2
(17.9–22.7)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,565
21.4
1.1
(19.2–23.6)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,416
27.7
1.7
(24.3–31.1)
Charleston, West Virginia
805
37.1
2.1
(33.1–41.2)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,483
27.4
1.6
(24.2–30.5)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,848
30.4
1.5
(27.4–33.4)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,521
29.4
1.0
(27.3–31.4)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,553
28.2
1.9
(24.5–31.8)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,471
25.2
1.8
(21.7–28.8)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
962
27.4
2.1
(23.2–31.5)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
514
32.5
4.3
(24.2–40.9)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,301
21.0
1.7
(17.7–24.2)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,167
32.0
1.8
(28.4–35.6)
Columbus, Ohio
1,654
29.7
1.7
(26.4–33.1)
Corpus Christi, Texas
529
41.6
4.2
(33.3–49.9)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,156
30.3
2.3
(25.8–34.7)
Dayton, Ohio
531
26.5
2.8
(21.0–32.1)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,312
19.3
0.8
(17.7–21.0)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
983
28.5
2.1
(24.4–32.6)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
891
27.7
2.1
(23.6–31.8)
El Paso, Texas
687
29.5
2.2
(25.3–33.8)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
930
27.6
1.8
(24.1–31.1)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
751
25.4
2.9
(19.8–31.0)
Florence, South Carolina
504
35.2
2.8
(29.8–40.6)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
559
28.9
2.9
(23.2–34.5)
Grand Island, Nebraska
726
29.3
2.4
(24.6–33.9)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
864
28.7
2.1
(24.5–32.8)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,406
30.0
1.8
(26.5–33.5)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
628
31.5
2.7
(26.2–36.7)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
716
37.2
4.5
(28.3–46.0)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,646
23.6
1.0
(21.6–25.6)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
578
28.0
2.9
(22.3–33.7)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,906
30.8
2.0
(26.9–34.6)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,134
32.6
1.9
(29.0–36.3)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
525
28.1
2.5
(23.2–33.1)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,864
31.7
1.6
(28.5–34.9)
Jackson, Mississippi
664
34.6
2.4
(29.8–39.3)
Jacksonville, Florida
613
30.6
2.8
(25.0–36.1)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,245
22.4
1.7
(19.1–25.7)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,005
32.9
1.1
(30.8–35.1)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
466
27.6
2.9
(21.9–33.4)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
474
35.4
3.8
(28.0–42.9)
Knoxville, Tennessee
533
32.5
3.0
(26.5–38.4)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,677
28.8
1.4
(26.0–31.6)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,066
33.2
2.5
(28.3–38.0)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
543
28.6
2.4
(23.9–33.2)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,726
22.5
1.0
(20.5–24.5)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,687
33.3
2.0
(29.3–37.2)
Manhattan, Kansas
643
25.2
2.0
(21.2–29.2)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
998
36.8
2.7
(31.6–42.0)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,923
25.7
1.5
(22.7–28.6)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,530
33.4
2.2
(29.1–37.6)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
7,915
23.7
0.6
(22.5–24.9)
Minot, North Dakota
483
27.9
2.6
(22.8–33.1)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
478
24.2
2.5
(19.4–29.1)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
949
26.9
2.2
(22.6–31.3)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
978
30.9
2.2
(26.6–35.3)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,340
24.3
1.7
(21.0–27.6)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,236
24.2
1.2
(21.8–26.6)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
902
31.1
1.9
(27.3–34.9)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
7,486
22.7
0.7
(21.4–24.0)
Norfolk, Nebraska
689
34.3
2.2
(29.9–38.7)
North Platte, Nebraska
610
31.0
2.5
(26.2–35.9)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
882
17.8
1.6
(14.7–20.9)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
1,912
25.4
1.1
(23.2–27.6)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,893
29.2
1.6
(26.1–32.3)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,700
31.0
1.1
(28.9–33.2)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
930
23.5
1.9
(19.7–27.3)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
739
25.7
1.9
(21.9–29.5)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,488
28.5
1.0
(26.5–30.5)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,186
30.8
1.7
(27.4–34.2)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,541
26.3
1.4
(23.5–29.1)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
2,943
29.0
1.2
(26.6–31.3)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
6,471
26.8
1.0
(24.8–28.9)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,614
25.2
1.2
(22.8–27.6)
Raleigh, North Carolina
612
23.1
1.9
(19.4–26.8)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,244
29.0
2.2
(24.6–33.4)
Reno, Nevada
870
20.2
1.8
(16.6–23.8)
Richmond, Virginia
1,278
30.4
1.6
(27.2–33.6)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,365
28.4
1.5
(25.4–31.4)
Rochester, Minnesota
633
27.1
2.2
(22.7–31.4)
Rochester, New York
745
25.4
2.2
(21.0–29.7)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,831
24.3
1.5
(21.3–27.3)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
948
23.9
1.7
(20.5–27.3)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
580
25.5
2.3
(21.1–30.0)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,082
31.0
1.5
(28.0–33.9)
Salina, Kansas
456
36.3
2.9
(30.6–42.0)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,873
33.5
2.7
(28.2–38.8)
Salt Lake City, Utah
3,728
24.0
0.8
(22.4–25.6)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
698
35.2
2.5
(30.3–40.0)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
526
17.9
2.0
(14.0–21.9)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
594
18.6
1.8
(15.0–22.2)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,252
30.1
1.0
(28.1–32.2)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
625
36.6
2.5
(31.7–41.5)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,279
22.8
0.8
(21.2–24.4)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,080
19.3
1.8
(15.8–22.8)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
830
34.8
3.7
(27.5–42.1)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,252
30.4
2.1
(26.3–34.5)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
477
29.1
3.1
(23.0–35.2)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,434
27.4
1.8
(24.0–30.9)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,060
28.4
2.0
(24.5–32.3)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,430
24.4
1.7
(21.1–27.7)
Toledo, Ohio
641
27.7
2.6
(22.5–32.8)
Topeka, Kansas
1,904
37.5
1.5
(34.5–40.4)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,498
31.1
1.8
(27.6–34.6)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
533
30.1
2.6
(25.0–35.2)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,649
30.3
1.5
(27.3–33.3)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
1,986
28.8
1.4
(26.1–31.5)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,225
25.4
1.0
(23.5–27.4)
Wichita, Kansas
4,290
35.6
1.0
(33.7–37.5)
Wichita Falls, Texas
528
34.6
4.0
(26.7–42.4)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,045
26.2
1.5
(23.3–29.1)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,423
27.7
1.7
(24.3–31.0)
Median

28.5


Range 17.8–41.6

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2.

§ Metropolitan division.

Diabetes

Adults aged ≥45 years were considered to have diabetes if they had ever been told by a health professional that they had diabetes (excluding diabetes during pregnancy, prediabetes, or borderline diabetes in adults). Among adults aged ≥45 years, age-adjusted prevalence estimates of diabetes in 2015 ranged from 11.2% in Colorado to 26.8% in Puerto Rico (median: 15.9%) (Table 25). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 10.5% in Rochester, Minnesota, to 27.6% in Corpus Christi, Texas (median: 15.7%) (Table 26).

TABLE 25. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥45 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they have diabetes, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
5,803
20.3
0.7
(18.9–21.6)
Alaska
2,495
14.2
1.2
(11.8–16.6)
Arizona
6,180
15.9
0.7
(14.6–17.2)
Arkansas
4,338
20.0
1.0
(18.0–22.1)
California
7,221
16.9
0.6
(15.6–18.1)
Colorado
9,610
11.2
0.5
(10.3–12.1)
Connecticut
9,144
14.0
0.5
(13.0–15.1)
Delaware
3,050
18.1
1.0
(16.2–20.1)
District of Columbia
3,174
16.8
1.2
(14.4–19.2)
Florida
7,625
16.7
0.6
(15.5–18.0)
Georgia
3,477
19.9
0.9
(18.1–21.6)
Hawaii
5,001
13.0
0.7
(11.7–14.3)
Idaho
4,272
13.0
0.7
(11.7–14.3)
Illinois
3,772
16.1
0.7
(14.7–17.5)
Indiana
4,709
17.3
0.8
(15.7–18.9)
Iowa
4,768
13.7
0.6
(12.5–14.9)
Kansas
16,534
15.4
0.3
(14.8–16.1)
Kentucky
6,557
20.2
0.8
(18.5–21.8)
Louisiana
3,429
20.3
0.9
(18.6–22.0)
Maine
7,175
13.5
0.5
(12.4–14.5)
Maryland
10,287
16.6
0.7
(15.1–18.0)
Massachusetts
6,329
14.1
0.6
(12.9–15.4)
Michigan
6,367
15.8
0.6
(14.6–16.9)
Minnesota
11,778
11.9
0.4
(11.2–12.6)
Mississippi
4,678
22.4
0.9
(20.7–24.1)
Missouri
5,483
17.5
0.7
(16.2–18.9)
Montana
4,655
11.5
0.6
(10.3–12.7)
Nebraska
12,728
14.0
0.5
(13.1–14.9)
Nevada
2,136
15.4
1.3
(12.9–18.0)
New Hampshire
5,717
12.2
0.5
(11.2–13.2)
New Jersey
8,322
14.6
0.6
(13.4–15.7)
New Mexico
5,092
17.2
0.8
(15.6–18.8)
New York
8,927
15.5
0.5
(14.5–16.5)
North Carolina
4,486
17.2
0.7
(15.9–18.6)
North Dakota
3,668
14.7
0.8
(13.2–16.2)
Ohio
9,445
17.8
0.6
(16.5–19.0)
Oklahoma
5,402
19.0
0.7
(17.5–20.4)
Oregon
3,925
16.3
0.8
(14.7–17.8)
Pennsylvania
4,042
15.7
0.7
(14.3–17.1)
Rhode Island
4,824
14.4
0.7
(13.0–15.7)
South Carolina
8,654
18.4
0.6
(17.3–19.6)
South Dakota
5,402
13.9
0.8
(12.4–15.5)
Tennessee
4,623
19.1
0.9
(17.3–20.9)
Texas
10,556
19.7
0.8
(18.2–21.3)
Utah
6,651
13.7
0.5
(12.7–14.8)
Vermont
4,822
12.0
0.6
(10.8–13.2)
Virginia
6,158
16.7
0.7
(15.4–18.0)
Washington
12,005
13.5
0.4
(12.7–14.4)
West Virginia
4,221
20.6
0.8
(19.1–22.1)
Wisconsin
4,504
12.8
0.7
(11.5–14.1)
Wyoming
4,434
13.8
0.8
(12.3–15.3)
Guam
822
26.0
2.5
(21.1–30.8)
Puerto Rico
3,642
26.8
0.9
(25.1–28.5)
Median

15.9


Range 11.2–26.8

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Excluding diabetes during pregnancy or prediabetes or borderline diabetes in adults.

TABLE 26. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥45 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they have diabetes, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
447
12.9
2.0
(9.0–16.8)
Akron, Ohio
402
14.9
2.1
(10.8–19.0)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
720
15.1
1.8
(11.6–18.7)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,080
17.0
1.6
(13.9–20.0)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
648
20.2
2.8
(14.7–25.7)
Anchorage, Alaska
713
14.9
2.0
(11.0–18.7)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,443
16.9
1.3
(14.4–19.3)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
591
22.8
3.2
(16.6–29.1)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,337
15.6
1.6
(12.5–18.7)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
3,706
17.0
1.1
(14.8–19.1)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
445
19.7
2.2
(15.4–24.1)
Billings, Montana
509
12.5
1.7
(9.3–15.8)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
957
18.8
1.6
(15.7–22.0)
Bismarck, North Dakota
673
15.4
1.9
(11.6–19.2)
Boise City, Idaho
1,044
11.9
1.3
(9.5–14.4)
Boston, Massachusetts§
1,610
12.8
1.1
(10.7–15.0)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
584
13.6
1.6
(10.5–16.8)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,246
10.9
1.1
(8.7–13.1)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
1,987
14.3
1.1
(12.1–16.6)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,098
14.3
1.4
(11.5–17.1)
Charleston, West Virginia
633
25.2
2.2
(20.9–29.4)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,109
15.8
1.4
(13.1–18.5)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,403
19.1
1.5
(16.2–22.1)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
2,569
16.5
0.9
(14.7–18.4)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,291
18.3
1.9
(14.6–22.0)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,285
13.3
1.3
(10.8–15.8)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
827
17.9
2.0
(14.1–21.8)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
441
18.6
3.3
(12.2–25.0)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,068
12.1
1.4
(9.4–14.8)
Columbia, South Carolina
853
17.9
1.8
(14.4–21.5)
Columbus, Ohio
1,337
17.5
1.5
(14.6–20.5)
Corpus Christi, Texas
471
27.6
3.4
(20.9–34.2)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
954
20.6
2.7
(15.4–25.8)
Dayton, Ohio
445
16.7
2.2
(12.4–21.0)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
3,930
11.4
0.7
(10.0–12.7)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
806
12.0
1.5
(9.0–14.9)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
719
14.1
1.6
(10.9–17.3)
El Paso, Texas
520
23.2
2.2
(18.8–27.6)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
658
12.5
1.5
(9.5–15.4)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
651
13.9
2.3
(9.5–18.4)
Florence, South Carolina
373
20.0
2.6
(14.9–25.1)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
447
15.8
2.2
(11.4–20.2)
Grand Island, Nebraska
573
14.1
1.7
(10.7–17.5)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
658
14.9
1.8
(11.5–18.4)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,096
17.7
1.5
(14.7–20.7)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
503
22.1
2.4
(17.4–26.8)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
644
16.8
1.9
(13.1–20.6)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,086
15.0
0.9
(13.1–16.8)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
503
15.0
2.2
(10.7–19.2)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,546
20.6
2.2
(16.4–24.9)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
870
22.8
1.8
(19.2–26.4)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
395
14.7
2.1
(10.5–18.8)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,509
16.9
1.4
(14.2–19.7)
Jackson, Mississippi
479
22.1
2.4
(17.3–26.9)
Jacksonville, Florida
497
18.4
2.2
(14.0–22.8)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
954
11.0
1.5
(8.0–14.0)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
5,532
16.3
0.9
(14.6–18.0)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
395
14.4
2.2
(10.0–18.8)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
431
19.5
2.4
(14.8–24.2)
Knoxville, Tennessee
446
18.7
2.4
(13.9–23.4)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,112
11.3
1.1
(9.1–13.5)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
914
20.4
2.2
(16.0–24.8)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
328
12.4
2.0
(8.5–16.2)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
1,615
18.7
1.4
(16.0–21.5)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,463
19.4
1.9
(15.7–23.1)
Manhattan, Kansas
423
12.4
2.0
(8.5–16.3)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
832
21.2
2.3
(16.7–25.6)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,559
15.9
1.4
(13.3–18.6)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,246
14.9
1.4
(12.1–17.7)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
5,983
11.4
0.5
(10.4–12.3)
Minot, North Dakota
378
12.6
1.8
(9.0–16.2)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
350
12.7
2.1
(8.5–16.9)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
771
15.6
1.9
(11.9–19.3)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
800
15.8
2.1
(11.6–19.9)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,095
12.9
1.2
(10.5–15.3)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
2,734
14.5
1.0
(12.5–16.5)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
665
19.8
1.8
(16.4–23.3)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
5,583
16.3
0.7
(15.0–17.6)
Norfolk, Nebraska
499
17.2
2.0
(13.3–21.1)
North Platte, Nebraska
491
15.6
1.9
(11.8–19.4)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
552
14.1
2.0
(10.2–18.1)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
1,159
14.0
1.2
(11.6–16.4)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,597
18.9
1.3
(16.4–21.4)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
2,832
14.8
0.9
(13.1–16.5)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
738
20.0
2.2
(15.7–24.3)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
501
19.8
2.1
(15.6–24.0)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
3,796
15.2
0.7
(13.8–16.6)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
903
14.4
1.3
(11.8–17.0)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,163
13.4
1.0
(11.4–15.4)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
2,309
14.4
1.0
(12.5–16.3)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
5,468
15.9
1.1
(13.8–18.0)
Provo-Orem, Utah
812
11.6
1.4
(9.0–14.3)
Raleigh, North Carolina
372
15.1
2.0
(11.1–19.1)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,033
16.2
2.1
(12.1–20.3)
Reno, Nevada
710
12.9
1.6
(9.7–16.1)
Richmond, Virginia
933
18.0
1.6
(15.0–21.1)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
884
17.3
1.6
(14.3–20.4)
Rochester, Minnesota
462
10.5
1.6
(7.4–13.5)
Rochester, New York
619
15.7
2.1
(11.5–19.8)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,621
12.8
1.0
(10.8–14.9)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
589
13.9
1.9
(10.1–17.7)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
400
10.6
1.7
(7.3–13.9)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
1,646
15.7
1.2
(13.4–18.0)
Salina, Kansas
361
14.1
2.0
(10.1–18.1)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,689
17.5
1.6
(14.4–20.6)
Salt Lake City, Utah
2,395
15.0
0.9
(13.2–16.8)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
512
16.8
2.0
(13.0–20.7)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
280
14.9
3.3
(8.5–21.4)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
342
12.1
2.0
(8.1–16.1)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
2,314
27.2
1.1
(25.0–29.3)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
505
19.3
2.3
(14.7–23.8)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
4,109
12.3
0.7
(11.0–13.6)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
1,859
12.9
1.4
(10.3–15.6)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
731
13.7
2.2
(9.4–18.0)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
962
13.0
1.5
(10.1–15.9)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
375
21.8
3.2
(15.5–28.2)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,189
13.3
1.2
(11.0–15.7)
Springfield, Massachusetts
840
15.3
1.8
(11.7–18.8)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,179
16.6
1.6
(13.5–19.7)
Toledo, Ohio
570
16.9
1.9
(13.2–20.5)
Topeka, Kansas
1,547
15.0
1.1
(12.8–17.3)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,216
18.6
1.6
(15.5–21.8)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
380
21.2
2.4
(16.5–26.0)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,284
20.1
1.5
(17.2–22.9)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
1,522
13.5
1.0
(11.5–15.5)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
6,022
15.4
1.2
(13.1–17.7)
Wichita, Kansas
3,368
16.4
0.8
(14.9–17.9)
Wichita Falls, Texas
495
16.1
2.5
(11.3–21.0)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
1,661
17.5
1.4
(14.8–20.1)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,091
15.8
1.5
(12.8–18.8)
Median

15.7


Range 10.5–27.6

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Excluding diabetes during pregnancy or prediabetes or borderline diabetes in adults.

§ Metropolitan division.

Arthritis

Respondents were identified as having a form of arthritis if they had ever been told by a health professional that they had arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia. The 2015 age-adjusted prevalence estimates of arthritis among adults aged ≥18 years ranged from 17.2% in Hawaii to 33.6% in West Virginia (median: 22.7%) (Table 27). Among selected MMSAs in 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of arthritis among adults aged ≥18 years ranged from 12.3% in San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California, to 33.9% in Charleston, West Virginia (median: 23.2%) (Table 28).

TABLE 27. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they have a form of arthritis, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,915
30.5
0.6
(29.2–31.7)
Alaska
3,632
21.5
0.9
(19.7–23.3)
Arizona
7,881
21.6
0.5
(20.5–22.6)
Arkansas
5,199
27.1
0.9
(25.3–28.9)
California
12,531
18.3
0.4
(17.5–19.1)
Colorado
13,437
21.7
0.4
(20.9–22.6)
Connecticut
11,820
21.6
0.4
(20.7–22.4)
Delaware
4,045
24.7
0.8
(23.2–26.2)
District of Columbia
3,961
20.1
0.9
(18.4–21.8)
Florida
9,669
21.6
0.5
(20.7–22.6)
Georgia
4,654
23.5
0.7
(22.2–24.8)
Hawaii
7,137
17.2
0.5
(16.1–18.2)
Idaho
5,776
23.3
0.6
(22.1–24.6)
Illinois
5,276
21.6
0.6
(20.4–22.7)
Indiana
6,038
25.2
0.7
(23.9–26.6)
Iowa
6,194
23.1
0.6
(21.9–24.2)
Kansas
23,100
22.7
0.3
(22.1–23.3)
Kentucky
8,742
29.2
0.7
(27.8–30.7)
Louisiana
4,683
26.2
0.7
(24.8–27.6)
Maine
9,018
26.4
0.6
(25.2–27.6)
Maryland
12,517
21.6
0.6
(20.4–22.8)
Massachusetts
9,214
21.9
0.5
(20.9–22.9)
Michigan
8,885
26.9
0.5
(25.9–27.9)
Minnesota
16,665
19.7
0.3
(19.0–20.3)
Mississippi
6,005
26.5
0.7
(25.2–27.9)
Missouri
7,264
26.7
0.7
(25.3–28.0)
Montana
6,026
23.8
0.7
(22.4–25.2)
Nebraska
17,472
21.5
0.4
(20.7–22.3)
Nevada
2,903
20.1
1.0
(18.1–22.1)
New Hampshire
6,977
23.0
0.6
(21.8–24.2)
New Jersey
11,390
20.5
0.5
(19.6–21.5)
New Mexico
6,700
22.2
0.6
(21.0–23.5)
New York
12,278
21.5
0.4
(20.6–22.3)
North Carolina
6,667
24.7
0.6
(23.5–25.8)
North Dakota
4,939
21.6
0.6
(20.3–22.8)
Ohio
11,864
25.3
0.6
(24.2–26.4)
Oklahoma
6,879
25.7
0.6
(24.4–26.9)
Oregon
5,310
24.3
0.7
(23.0–25.6)
Pennsylvania
5,697
25.6
0.6
(24.4–26.9)
Rhode Island
6,159
24.2
0.7
(22.8–25.5)
South Carolina
11,532
26.2
0.5
(25.2–27.1)
South Dakota
7,168
21.8
0.7
(20.4–23.1)
Tennessee
5,931
29.4
0.8
(27.8–30.9)
Texas
14,596
19.8
0.5
(18.8–20.8)
Utah
11,332
20.8
0.4
(20.0–21.6)
Vermont
6,431
23.4
0.6
(22.3–24.6)
Virginia
8,602
21.6
0.5
(20.6–22.6)
Washington
15,960
22.5
0.4
(21.8–23.3)
West Virginia
5,923
33.6
0.7
(32.3–34.9)
Wisconsin
6,164
22.1
0.7
(20.8–23.4)
Wyoming
5,467
24.1
0.8
(22.5–25.7)
Guam
1,664
17.8
1.3
(15.3–20.3)
Puerto Rico
5,368
20.6
0.6
(19.5–21.7)
Median

22.7


Range 17.2–33.6

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Including arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia.

TABLE 28. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they have a form of arthritis, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
577
23.3
1.8
(19.7–26.9)
Akron, Ohio
504
21.5
2.0
(17.6–25.3)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
928
22.6
1.6
(19.6–25.7)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,454
21.6
1.2
(19.3–23.9)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
818
27.9
2.4
(23.2–32.7)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,059
21.3
1.5
(18.4–24.2)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
2,030
20.7
0.9
(18.8–22.5)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
787
29.4
3.0
(23.6–35.2)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,870
16.3
1.1
(14.1–18.6)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,589
23.4
1.0
(21.4–25.3)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
641
25.3
1.8
(21.8–28.7)
Billings, Montana
679
22.7
1.8
(19.1–26.2)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,339
28.4
1.4
(25.7–31.1)
Bismarck, North Dakota
874
24.5
1.6
(21.3–27.7)
Boise City, Idaho
1,464
23.3
1.2
(20.9–25.7)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,458
19.6
0.9
(17.8–21.3)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
746
26.5
1.9
(22.9–30.2)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,776
21.9
1.1
(19.8–24.0)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,899
19.8
0.9
(18.1–21.5)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,571
24.8
1.4
(22.1–27.5)
Charleston, West Virginia
881
33.9
1.7
(30.6–37.2)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,578
23.6
1.2
(21.2–25.9)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
2,014
24.5
1.2
(22.2–26.9)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,678
20.4
0.7
(19.1–21.8)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,679
24.9
1.5
(22.1–27.8)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,598
24.5
1.2
(22.1–26.9)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
1,051
23.6
1.6
(20.4–26.8)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
551
18.2
3.6
(11.0–25.3)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,440
23.5
1.4
(20.8–26.2)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,244
27.2
1.4
(24.5–29.9)
Columbus, Ohio
1,797
25.2
1.2
(22.8–27.6)
Corpus Christi, Texas
561
24.4
2.4
(19.6–29.2)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,301
19.4
1.5
(16.4–22.4)
Dayton, Ohio
567
28.2
2.5
(23.3–33.1)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,907
21.5
0.7
(20.1–22.8)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
1,070
22.4
1.5
(19.5–25.3)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
960
23.5
1.8
(20.0–27.1)
El Paso, Texas
763
18.7
1.5
(15.7–21.7)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
992
18.7
1.2
(16.3–21.1)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
813
21.7
2.0
(17.8–25.7)
Florence, South Carolina
528
26.8
2.0
(22.8–30.8)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
606
20.2
1.9
(16.5–24.0)
Grand Island, Nebraska
774
22.2
1.8
(18.6–25.8)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
918
26.6
1.7
(23.2–29.9)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,494
24.0
1.2
(21.6–26.5)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
654
27.0
2.0
(23.1–31.0)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
781
28.9
3.2
(22.7–35.1)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,977
23.1
0.8
(21.6–24.6)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
623
22.2
2.1
(18.1–26.4)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
2,105
17.6
1.2
(15.3–20.0)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,229
32.3
1.5
(29.3–35.3)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
565
20.1
1.7
(16.8–23.5)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
2,001
23.9
1.2
(21.6–26.2)
Jackson, Mississippi
714
23.5
1.8
(20.0–26.9)
Jacksonville, Florida
670
23.2
1.7
(19.8–26.6)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,303
18.0
1.2
(15.6–20.4)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,676
23.9
0.8
(22.4–25.5)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
513
20.8
1.7
(17.5–24.0)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
515
30.0
3.1
(23.9–36.1)
Knoxville, Tennessee
572
32.5
2.6
(27.5–37.6)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,788
19.6
1.0
(17.7–21.5)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,136
25.4
1.8
(21.9–28.9)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
582
17.3
1.5
(14.3–20.3)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,988
16.9
0.8
(15.3–18.4)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,805
28.6
1.6
(25.4–31.7)
Manhattan, Kansas
699
20.9
1.6
(17.8–24.0)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
1,064
22.4
1.6
(19.3–25.5)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
2,085
19.3
1.0
(17.4–21.2)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,638
26.1
1.7
(22.9–29.4)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,651
18.3
0.4
(17.5–19.2)
Minot, North Dakota
516
21.5
2.3
(17.1–26.0)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
514
24.3
1.8
(20.7–27.9)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
1,015
27.5
1.7
(24.2–30.9)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
1,074
28.0
1.7
(24.6–31.4)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,469
20.7
1.2
(18.3–23.0)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,646
16.6
0.7
(15.2–18.1)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
968
23.1
1.4
(20.4–25.9)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
8,303
19.2
0.5
(18.2–20.1)
Norfolk, Nebraska
740
19.4
1.4
(16.7–22.2)
North Platte, Nebraska
655
23.3
1.6
(20.1–26.5)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
940
18.9
1.4
(16.1–21.7)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
2,070
23.7
0.9
(21.9–25.6)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2,018
23.6
1.1
(21.4–25.9)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
4,008
22.6
0.8
(21.1–24.1)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
997
22.5
1.4
(19.7–25.3)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
792
24.6
1.6
(21.5–27.8)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,951
21.5
0.7
(20.1–22.8)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,265
26.9
1.3
(24.4–29.4)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,674
23.4
1.1
(21.3–25.6)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
3,200
22.8
0.9
(21.1–24.5)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
7,049
26.1
0.9
(24.3–27.8)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,775
17.9
0.9
(16.1–19.8)
Raleigh, North Carolina
684
20.2
1.6
(17.1–23.3)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,320
24.1
1.4
(21.4–26.8)
Reno, Nevada
928
20.1
1.7
(16.8–23.4)
Richmond, Virginia
1,370
22.6
1.2
(20.1–25.0)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,489
19.1
1.0
(17.0–21.1)
Rochester, Minnesota
685
20.8
1.5
(17.8–23.7)
Rochester, New York
775
24.6
1.7
(21.3–27.9)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,997
23.6
1.1
(21.4–25.9)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
1,031
21.0
1.3
(18.4–23.6)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
629
18.7
1.5
(15.8–21.5)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,223
25.1
1.2
(22.8–27.5)
Salina, Kansas
505
18.9
1.7
(15.5–22.3)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
2,057
29.8
2.3
(25.4–34.3)
Salt Lake City, Utah
4,058
20.0
0.6
(18.8–21.3)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
776
21.1
1.4
(18.3–23.9)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
572
14.8
2.1
(10.7–18.8)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
651
12.3
1.4
(9.5–15.1)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,402
21.3
0.7
(19.8–22.7)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
671
25.2
1.9
(21.5–28.8)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,738
19.5
0.6
(18.4–20.6)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,309
16.2
1.1
(14.1–18.3)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
923
20.9
2.3
(16.4–25.5)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,335
20.5
1.4
(17.7–23.3)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
495
24.0
2.0
(20.1–28.0)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,533
26.6
1.4
(23.8–29.3)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,180
27.2
1.6
(24.0–30.4)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,532
22.4
1.2
(20.0–24.8)
Toledo, Ohio
726
25.7
1.9
(22.0–29.4)
Topeka, Kansas
2,127
24.7
1.0
(22.6–26.7)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,573
24.7
1.3
(22.2–27.1)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
568
30.7
2.1
(26.6–34.8)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,762
23.3
1.1
(21.2–25.4)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
2,094
25.4
1.0
(23.5–27.4)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,914
18.2
0.7
(16.8–19.6)
Wichita, Kansas
4,723
23.5
0.7
(22.2–24.8)
Wichita Falls, Texas
581
28.8
3.5
(21.9–35.8)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,256
23.1
1.1
(21.0–25.2)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,561
24.6
1.3
(22.0–27.2)
Median

23.2


Range 12.3–33.9

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Including arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus or fibromyalgia.

§ Metropolitan division.

Depressive Disorder

Adults aged ≥18 years of age were identified as having a depressive disorder if they were ever told by a health professional that they had a depressive disorder (including depression, major depression, dysthymia, or minor depression). In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of depressive disorder ranged from 9.6% in Guam to 27.0% in Oregon (median: 19.0%) (Table 29). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of depressive disorder ranged from 9.9% in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California, to 27.2% in Spartanburg, South Carolina (median: 19.2%) (Table 30).

TABLE 29. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they have a depressive disorder, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,905
22.0
0.7
(20.7–23.3)
Alaska
3,635
15.8
1.0
(13.8–17.8)
Arizona
7,896
18.4
0.7
(17.1–19.7)
Arkansas
5,224
23.6
1.1
(21.4–25.8)
California
12,533
12.8
0.4
(12.1–13.5)
Colorado
13,458
19.3
0.6
(18.2–20.4)
Connecticut
11,833
17.6
0.6
(16.5–18.7)
Delaware
4,044
17.9
1.0
(16.0–19.8)
District of Columbia
3,966
18.1
1.2
(15.8–20.4)
Florida
9,690
16.3
0.6
(15.1–17.5)
Georgia
4,654
18.2
0.8
(16.6–19.8)
Hawaii
7,137
11.7
0.6
(10.6–12.8)
Idaho
5,772
19.8
0.8
(18.2–21.4)
Illinois
5,280
15.4
0.7
(14.0–16.7)
Indiana
6,046
20.5
0.9
(18.8–22.2)
Iowa
6,207
19.5
0.7
(18.0–20.9)
Kansas
23,139
19.5
0.4
(18.8–20.2)
Kentucky
8,771
18.6
0.7
(17.1–20.0)
Louisiana
4,692
19.9
0.8
(18.4–21.5)
Maine
9,032
24.9
0.8
(23.3–26.5)
Maryland
12,534
16.3
0.7
(14.9–17.8)
Massachusetts
9,233
20.9
0.6
(19.7–22.1)
Michigan
8,891
19.7
0.6
(18.6–20.8)
Minnesota
16,703
19.0
0.4
(18.2–19.8)
Mississippi
6,008
18.1
0.8
(16.6–19.6)
Missouri
7,279
21.9
0.8
(20.4–23.4)
Montana
6,018
20.1
0.8
(18.5–21.8)
Nebraska
17,485
17.6
0.5
(16.7–18.6)
Nevada
2,908
16.6
1.1
(14.5–18.7)
New Hampshire
6,975
21.3
0.8
(19.6–22.9)
New Jersey
11,411
12.5
0.5
(11.6–13.5)
New Mexico
6,712
20.1
0.8
(18.6–21.7)
New York
12,300
15.7
0.5
(14.8–16.6)
North Carolina
6,673
18.6
0.6
(17.4–19.8)
North Dakota
4,948
19.0
0.8
(17.4–20.6)
Ohio
11,870
19.6
0.7
(18.3–21.0)
Oklahoma
6,914
22.6
0.8
(21.1–24.1)
Oregon
5,319
27.0
0.9
(25.3–28.7)
Pennsylvania
5,712
18.8
0.7
(17.4–20.3)
Rhode Island
6,166
21.6
0.9
(19.9–23.4)
South Carolina
11,529
19.2
0.6
(18.0–20.3)
South Dakota
7,188
16.3
0.8
(14.7–17.9)
Tennessee
5,947
21.1
0.8
(19.5–22.8)
Texas
14,624
15.9
0.6
(14.8–17.1)
Utah
11,350
20.8
0.5
(19.9–21.7)
Vermont
6,443
23.1
0.8
(21.6–24.6)
Virginia
8,613
15.7
0.5
(14.6–16.7)
Washington
15,983
21.7
0.5
(20.7–22.6)
West Virginia
5,929
23.4
0.7
(22.1–24.8)
Wisconsin
6,163
17.5
0.8
(16.0–19.0)
Wyoming
5,459
21.0
1.0
(19.1–22.9)
Guam
1,660
9.6
1.2
(7.3–11.9)
Puerto Rico
5,398
16.6
0.6
(15.4–17.8)
Median

19.0


Range 9.6–27.0

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Including depression, major depression, dysthymia, or minor depression.

TABLE 30. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they have a depressive disorder, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
575
13.8
2.0
(9.9–17.7)
Akron, Ohio
505
19.8
2.9
(14.2–25.4)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
929
19.8
2.2
(15.6–24.1)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,458
20.7
1.5
(17.9–23.6)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
814
17.0
2.8
(11.6–22.5)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,062
16.2
1.6
(13.0–19.4)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
2,032
14.5
1.0
(12.5–16.6)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
791
19.5
3.0
(13.6–25.3)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,873
15.0
1.2
(12.6–17.4)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,593
18.2
1.2
(15.8–20.5)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
642
16.3
1.8
(12.8–19.8)
Billings, Montana
678
21.0
2.2
(16.6–25.4)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,335
20.7
1.5
(17.8–23.6)
Bismarck, North Dakota
877
17.6
2.0
(13.7–21.4)
Boise City, Idaho
1,463
21.5
1.6
(18.4–24.6)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,469
18.7
1.0
(16.6–20.7)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
745
19.1
2.1
(15.0–23.3)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,778
22.3
1.4
(19.6–25.0)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,892
19.6
1.1
(17.5–21.7)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,571
16.8
1.5
(13.9–19.7)
Charleston, West Virginia
886
26.4
2.0
(22.6–30.3)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,574
17.9
1.3
(15.4–20.4)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
2,009
17.0
1.1
(14.8–19.3)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,681
14.7
0.8
(13.1–16.2)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,677
19.6
1.6
(16.5–22.6)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,601
21.9
1.7
(18.5–25.2)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
1,050
16.3
1.9
(12.6–20.0)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
553
22.9
4.5
(14.0–31.8)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,446
22.5
1.7
(19.1–25.9)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,247
20.6
1.6
(17.4–23.8)
Columbus, Ohio
1,801
22.0
1.6
(18.9–25.0)
Corpus Christi, Texas
567
18.3
2.8
(12.9–23.8)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,297
15.2
1.8
(11.7–18.8)
Dayton, Ohio
568
18.8
2.7
(13.5–24.2)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,900
19.0
0.8
(17.4–20.6)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
1,072
22.4
2.0
(18.5–26.2)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
963
24.0
2.1
(19.9–28.1)
El Paso, Texas
765
14.4
1.5
(11.4–17.4)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
992
19.5
1.6
(16.4–22.6)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
814
17.1
2.2
(12.8–21.4)
Florence, South Carolina
527
18.5
2.1
(14.4–22.6)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
604
19.2
2.4
(14.4–23.9)
Grand Island, Nebraska
775
20.5
2.2
(16.2–24.8)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
918
22.3
1.9
(18.7–26.0)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,495
19.2
1.4
(16.5–21.8)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
654
21.7
2.4
(16.9–26.5)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
784
23.1
3.7
(15.9–30.4)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,974
18.8
0.9
(17.0–20.7)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
623
15.9
2.3
(11.4–20.5)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
2,108
14.8
1.5
(11.8–17.7)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,230
24.9
1.7
(21.6–28.3)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
564
17.4
2.0
(13.5–21.3)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
2,005
21.4
1.4
(18.6–24.1)
Jackson, Mississippi
716
15.5
1.7
(12.1–18.9)
Jacksonville, Florida
673
17.9
2.3
(13.5–22.4)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,303
11.2
1.1
(9.0–13.4)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,687
19.0
0.8
(17.4–20.6)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
518
21.2
2.7
(15.9–26.4)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
518
22.6
3.3
(16.1–29.0)
Knoxville, Tennessee
575
22.1
2.6
(17.0–27.1)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,786
17.6
1.1
(15.3–19.8)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,140
22.7
2.2
(18.4–27.0)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
581
20.6
2.1
(16.6–24.7)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,983
9.9
0.6
(8.7–11.1)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,817
17.7
1.5
(14.7–20.7)
Manhattan, Kansas
701
16.4
1.7
(13.2–19.7)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
1,068
15.7
1.9
(12.0–19.3)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
2,086
15.8
1.3
(13.3–18.3)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,638
19.4
1.8
(15.9–22.9)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,662
18.8
0.6
(17.7–19.9)
Minot, North Dakota
519
21.6
3.1
(15.4–27.7)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
518
16.1
2.3
(11.7–20.6)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
1,016
22.4
2.2
(18.1–26.7)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
1,078
19.7
1.7
(16.3–23.1)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,475
12.5
1.2
(10.2–14.8)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,653
12.7
0.9
(10.9–14.5)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
972
21.1
1.7
(17.8–24.4)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
8,318
12.9
0.5
(11.9–13.9)
Norfolk, Nebraska
738
11.9
1.4
(9.3–14.6)
North Platte, Nebraska
652
20.4
2.2
(16.0–24.8)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
939
12.9
1.3
(10.3–15.5)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
2,073
22.5
1.1
(20.4–24.6)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2,030
20.0
1.3
(17.4–22.5)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
4,016
18.6
0.9
(16.9–20.4)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
998
14.1
1.6
(11.0–17.3)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
794
21.6
2.0
(17.7–25.6)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,963
17.5
0.8
(16.0–19.0)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,269
19.2
1.5
(16.3–22.1)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,675
24.2
1.4
(21.4–27.0)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
3,198
24.6
1.0
(22.5–26.6)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
7,058
22.8
1.0
(20.8–24.8)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,775
19.2
1.0
(17.2–21.3)
Raleigh, North Carolina
684
14.9
1.6
(11.8–17.9)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,327
20.0
2.0
(16.1–23.8)
Reno, Nevada
935
16.7
1.8
(13.3–20.2)
Richmond, Virginia
1,371
15.5
1.2
(13.1–17.9)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,486
14.4
1.1
(12.3–16.6)
Rochester, Minnesota
689
16.4
1.6
(13.2–19.6)
Rochester, New York
782
23.1
2.2
(18.8–27.5)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,997
21.3
1.5
(18.3–24.3)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
1,030
14.7
1.3
(12.2–17.2)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
630
19.0
2.0
(15.0–23.0)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,226
19.6
1.3
(17.2–22.1)
Salina, Kansas
507
19.6
2.3
(15.1–24.0)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
2,057
22.4
2.7
(17.1–27.7)
Salt Lake City, Utah
4,070
22.4
0.8
(20.9–24.0)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
777
14.9
1.7
(11.6–18.2)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
571
12.9
1.5
(10.0–15.8)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
649
10.4
1.3
(7.8–13.0)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,416
17.1
0.8
(15.5–18.6)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
672
21.7
2.2
(17.3–26.1)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,748
19.6
0.7
(18.2–21.0)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,309
16.7
1.6
(13.5–19.8)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
926
18.1
3.3
(11.7–24.5)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,338
16.9
1.8
(13.3–20.4)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
496
27.2
3.6
(20.1–34.3)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,535
23.4
1.7
(20.1–26.7)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,190
24.0
1.9
(20.4–27.7)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,536
17.5
1.5
(14.6–20.4)
Toledo, Ohio
728
21.6
2.5
(16.6–26.5)
Topeka, Kansas
2,127
24.7
1.3
(22.2–27.2)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,583
23.7
1.7
(20.5–27.0)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
571
23.3
2.4
(18.5–28.1)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,763
17.1
1.3
(14.7–19.6)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
2,104
16.0
1.0
(14.0–18.1)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,928
11.1
0.6
(9.9–12.3)
Wichita, Kansas
4,727
19.3
0.7
(17.8–20.7)
Wichita Falls, Texas
583
20.4
3.0
(14.5–26.3)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,258
19.4
1.4
(16.7–22.0)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,566
22.3
1.5
(19.4–25.1)
Median

19.2


Range 9.9–27.2

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Including depression, major depression, dysthymia, or minor depression.

§ Metropolitan division.

High Blood Pressure

Respondents were considered to have high blood pressure if they had ever been told by a health professional that they had high blood pressure (excluding high blood pressure during pregnancy). The 2015 age-adjusted prevalence estimates of high blood pressure among adults aged ≥18 years ranged from 24.2% in Minnesota to 39.9% in Mississippi (median: 29.1%) (Table 31). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates ranged from 19.7% in Rochester, Minnesota, to 41.0% in Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi (median: 29.0%) (Table 32).

TABLE 31. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they have high blood pressure, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
7,928
37.3
0.7
(35.9–38.7)
Alaska
3,645
28.0
1.0
(26.0–30.0)
Arizona
7,906
28.5
0.7
(27.2–29.8)
Arkansas
5,247
36.3
1.1
(34.1–38.5)
California
12,575
27.6
0.5
(26.6–28.5)
Colorado
13,480
24.8
0.5
(23.8–25.8)
Connecticut
11,843
27.0
0.5
(26.0–28.1)
Delaware
4,055
31.0
0.9
(29.2–32.8)
District of Columbia
3,983
31.1
1.2
(28.8–33.4)
Florida
9,691
29.2
0.6
(27.9–30.4)
Georgia
4,662
34.8
0.8
(33.2–36.4)
Hawaii
7,152
29.8
0.7
(28.3–31.2)
Idaho
5,782
29.3
0.8
(27.7–30.9)
Illinois
5,282
28.6
0.6
(27.4–29.9)
Indiana
6,045
29.9
0.8
(28.4–31.4)
Iowa
6,208
27.6
0.7
(26.3–28.9)
Kansas
23,179
29.5
0.3
(28.8–30.1)
Kentucky
8,787
36.0
0.8
(34.4–37.5)
Louisiana
4,708
37.3
0.8
(35.7–39.0)
Maine
9,041
29.0
0.6
(27.8–30.3)
Maryland
12,539
30.3
0.8
(28.8–31.8)
Massachusetts
9,263
27.1
0.6
(26.0–28.2)
Michigan
8,907
29.9
0.5
(28.8–30.9)
Minnesota
16,712
24.2
0.4
(23.4–24.9)
Mississippi
6,024
39.9
0.9
(38.2–41.6)
Missouri
7,281
31.3
0.7
(29.9–32.7)
Montana
6,034
25.7
0.7
(24.3–27.2)
Nebraska
17,515
27.7
0.5
(26.7–28.6)
Nevada
2,922
26.5
1.1
(24.3–28.7)
New Hampshire
6,997
25.7
0.7
(24.3–27.1)
New Jersey
11,433
28.0
0.6
(26.9–29.1)
New Mexico
6,719
27.5
0.7
(26.1–28.8)
New York
12,313
27.0
0.5
(26.1–27.9)
North Carolina
6,683
32.4
0.6
(31.2–33.6)
North Dakota
4,960
28.8
0.7
(27.4–30.2)
Ohio
11,886
31.1
0.6
(29.9–32.4)
Oklahoma
6,923
33.8
0.7
(32.4–35.2)
Oregon
5,335
27.3
0.7
(25.9–28.7)
Pennsylvania
5,725
28.9
0.7
(27.5–30.4)
Rhode Island
6,182
29.2
0.7
(27.8–30.7)
South Carolina
11,576
34.6
0.6
(33.5–35.7)
South Dakota
7,210
27.3
0.8
(25.7–28.8)
Tennessee
5,968
35.3
0.8
(33.7–37.0)
Texas
14,631
29.1
0.6
(27.9–30.2)
Utah
11,369
24.8
0.4
(24.0–25.7)
Vermont
6,472
25.6
0.6
(24.4–26.8)
Virginia
8,623
31.4
0.6
(30.2–32.6)
Washington
16,036
27.9
0.5
(27.0–28.8)
West Virginia
5,943
38.4
0.7
(37.0–39.8)
Wisconsin
6,169
26.7
0.7
(25.3–28.1)
Wyoming
5,472
27.9
0.9
(26.2–29.6)
Guam
1,669
31.7
1.6
(28.6–34.7)
Puerto Rico
5,399
39.4
0.7
(38.0–40.9)
Median

29.1


Range 24.2–39.9

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Excluding high blood pressure during pregnancy.

TABLE 32. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they have high blood pressure, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
576
25.0
1.9
(21.3–28.8)
Akron, Ohio
506
32.1
2.8
(26.7–37.5)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
930
28.7
1.7
(25.4–32.1)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,460
26.0
1.3
(23.4–28.5)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
818
31.5
2.6
(26.4–36.7)
Anchorage, Alaska
1,063
27.7
1.6
(24.6–30.9)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
2,031
31.3
1.1
(29.1–33.5)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
790
34.1
2.4
(29.5–38.8)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,879
28.4
1.4
(25.6–31.2)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,594
31.6
1.2
(29.2–34.0)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
646
34.6
1.9
(30.8–38.3)
Billings, Montana
680
25.7
1.8
(22.2–29.2)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,342
35.3
1.6
(32.2–38.4)
Bismarck, North Dakota
874
28.6
1.7
(25.2–32.0)
Boise City, Idaho
1,460
29.0
1.5
(26.1–32.0)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,475
27.5
1.1
(25.4–29.6)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
745
31.9
2.1
(27.8–35.9)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,791
23.3
1.0
(21.3–25.4)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,909
24.7
0.9
(22.9–26.4)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,573
29.3
1.5
(26.4–32.1)
Charleston, West Virginia
881
38.5
1.8
(35.0–42.1)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,578
30.1
1.3
(27.6–32.7)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
2,016
32.7
1.3
(30.1–35.2)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,681
28.2
0.8
(26.6–29.7)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,686
32.4
1.7
(29.1–35.7)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,611
28.2
1.7
(25.0–31.5)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
1,054
28.5
1.7
(25.2–31.7)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
553
32.6
3.2
(26.3–38.8)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,444
24.9
1.5
(22.0–27.8)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,250
35.4
1.7
(32.0–38.7)
Columbus, Ohio
1,807
31.4
1.5
(28.5–34.4)
Corpus Christi, Texas
564
30.0
2.4
(25.2–34.8)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,300
28.8
1.8
(25.2–32.3)
Dayton, Ohio
569
32.5
2.8
(27.1–37.9)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,914
25.5
0.8
(24.0–27.0)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
1,075
26.5
1.6
(23.4–29.7)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
965
24.4
1.8
(20.8–28.0)
El Paso, Texas
766
28.3
1.7
(25.0–31.5)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
994
27.2
1.5
(24.2–30.2)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
816
27.4
2.3
(22.8–31.9)
Florence, South Carolina
529
39.5
2.3
(35.0–43.9)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
606
28.7
2.6
(23.6–33.9)
Grand Island, Nebraska
778
28.4
1.9
(24.8–32.1)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
923
26.9
1.5
(23.9–29.9)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,498
33.3
1.5
(30.3–36.3)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
654
41.0
2.6
(35.9–46.1)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
786
33.1
3.4
(26.4–39.9)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,975
28.2
0.9
(26.5–29.9)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
624
33.6
2.5
(28.6–38.5)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
2,110
27.9
1.5
(25.0–30.9)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,235
39.7
1.7
(36.4–43.0)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
566
30.7
2.3
(26.2–35.3)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
2,003
28.9
1.2
(26.6–31.2)
Jackson, Mississippi
718
37.8
2.2
(33.5–42.2)
Jacksonville, Florida
671
32.5
2.1
(28.3–36.6)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,304
33.4
1.7
(30.1–36.8)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
7,698
28.5
0.8
(26.9–30.1)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
518
27.8
2.3
(23.3–32.3)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
518
37.2
3.4
(30.6–43.8)
Knoxville, Tennessee
576
35.2
2.4
(30.6–39.9)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,791
24.8
1.1
(22.6–27.0)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,141
35.9
2.2
(31.5–40.3)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
584
23.5
1.8
(20.1–27.0)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,998
27.1
1.0
(25.2–29.0)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,815
33.2
1.6
(30.0–36.4)
Manhattan, Kansas
700
24.1
1.7
(20.8–27.4)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
1,071
37.9
2.1
(33.8–42.1)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
2,082
27.4
1.3
(24.9–30.0)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,640
31.4
1.7
(28.0–34.8)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
8,677
23.8
0.5
(22.8–24.8)
Minot, North Dakota
522
28.3
2.2
(23.9–32.7)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
518
29.7
2.5
(24.8–34.6)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
1,020
31.8
1.9
(28.0–35.6)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
1,078
31.7
1.8
(28.1–35.2)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,477
24.9
1.2
(22.5–27.3)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,653
27.7
1.0
(25.7–29.6)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
975
32.5
1.7
(29.3–35.8)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
8,334
26.9
0.6
(25.8–28.0)
Norfolk, Nebraska
739
28.0
1.7
(24.7–31.4)
North Platte, Nebraska
655
27.6
1.8
(24.0–31.2)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
941
26.6
1.7
(23.2–30.0)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
2,079
26.4
0.9
(24.5–28.2)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2,031
30.6
1.2
(28.2–33.0)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
4,017
29.5
0.9
(27.7–31.2)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
997
28.5
1.7
(25.1–31.9)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
800
31.3
1.8
(27.8–34.9)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,964
28.3
0.8
(26.7–29.8)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,268
29.1
1.4
(26.4–31.8)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,681
27.6
1.1
(25.5–29.8)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
3,216
25.7
0.9
(24.0–27.5)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
7,077
29.2
0.8
(27.5–30.8)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,773
22.5
1.1
(20.4–24.6)
Raleigh, North Carolina
682
29.1
1.8
(25.7–32.6)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,328
29.7
1.8
(26.2–33.2)
Reno, Nevada
936
30.9
2.1
(26.9–35.0)
Richmond, Virginia
1,372
32.7
1.4
(30.0–35.4)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,490
30.2
1.4
(27.6–32.9)
Rochester, Minnesota
687
19.7
1.4
(17.0–22.4)
Rochester, New York
780
24.4
1.7
(21.0–27.7)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
2,002
25.1
1.3
(22.5–27.7)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
1,032
29.0
1.6
(25.9–32.1)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
631
26.9
1.8
(23.4–30.4)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
2,230
30.8
1.2
(28.4–33.2)
Salina, Kansas
509
28.8
2.3
(24.3–33.4)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
2,056
34.1
2.2
(29.7–38.5)
Salt Lake City, Utah
4,079
24.9
0.7
(23.5–26.3)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
777
26.7
1.7
(23.3–30.1)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
575
24.5
2.2
(20.1–28.9)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
656
21.4
1.6
(18.2–24.6)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
3,417
38.9
0.9
(37.0–40.7)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
674
30.2
1.9
(26.4–34.0)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
5,768
26.2
0.7
(24.9–27.5)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,308
22.8
1.2
(20.4–25.2)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
928
26.3
2.4
(21.6–31.0)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,346
25.4
1.6
(22.3–28.5)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
499
33.2
2.7
(28.0–38.4)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,538
28.4
1.5
(25.5–31.4)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,191
28.7
1.7
(25.3–32.1)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,539
29.3
1.5
(26.3–32.2)
Toledo, Ohio
729
28.8
1.8
(25.3–32.3)
Topeka, Kansas
2,133
33.0
1.1
(30.7–35.2)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,583
31.8
1.4
(29.2–34.5)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
572
37.5
2.2
(33.2–41.8)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,766
31.3
1.3
(28.8–33.9)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
2,107
28.6
1.1
(26.5–30.8)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,951
29.2
0.9
(27.4–31.0)
Wichita, Kansas
4,735
30.8
0.8
(29.3–32.3)
Wichita Falls, Texas
582
34.0
3.9
(26.4–41.6)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
2,262
30.4
1.1
(28.2–32.7)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,567
30.6
1.5
(27.7–33.5)
Median

29.0


Range 19.7–41.0

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Excluding high blood pressure during pregnancy.

§ Metropolitan division.

High Blood Cholesterol

Adults were classified as having high cholesterol if, after having their blood cholesterol checked, they had ever been told by a health professional that their cholesterol was high. (Adults who had never had their blood cholesterol checked were excluded from analysis.) In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of high blood cholesterol among adults aged ≥18 years ranged from 27.1% in Montana to 37.3% in Puerto Rico (median: 31.8%) (Table 33). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of high blood cholesterol ranged from 23.2% in Aberdeen, South Dakota, to 42.0% in Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii (median: 31.4%) (Table 34).

TABLE 33. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they have high blood cholesterol, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
6,818
36.4
0.8
(34.7–38.0)
Alaska
2,959
30.9
1.4
(28.3–33.6)
Arizona
6,958
32.6
0.8
(31.0–34.3)
Arkansas
4,612
35.6
1.3
(33.0–38.2)
California
10,078
31.1
0.6
(30.0–32.3)
Colorado
11,471
28.4
0.7
(27.1–29.7)
Connecticut
10,677
33.0
0.7
(31.6–34.4)
Delaware
3,569
34.2
1.3
(31.7–36.7)
District of Columbia
3,629
31.1
1.4
(28.5–33.8)
Florida
8,657
31.6
0.8
(30.1–33.1)
Georgia
4,053
32.6
1.0
(30.7–34.6)
Hawaii
5,863
31.8
0.9
(30.0–33.7)
Idaho
4,862
32.8
1.1
(30.7–34.9)
Illinois
4,582
31.7
0.9
(30.0–33.4)
Indiana
5,291
33.2
1.0
(31.3–35.1)
Iowa
5,332
30.6
0.9
(28.8–32.4)
Kansas
19,325
31.6
0.4
(30.8–32.4)
Kentucky
7,536
34.6
0.9
(32.8–36.4)
Louisiana
3,973
34.2
1.0
(32.3–36.1)
Maine
8,197
31.5
0.8
(29.9–33.0)
Maryland
11,528
32.4
1.0
(30.5–34.3)
Massachusetts
8,078
30.1
0.7
(28.8–31.5)
Michigan
7,715
32.3
0.7
(30.9–33.6)
Minnesota
14,273
28.1
0.5
(27.1–29.0)
Mississippi
5,199
33.6
0.9
(31.7–35.4)
Missouri
6,206
31.8
0.9
(30.1–33.6)
Montana
5,071
27.1
1.0
(25.2–29.0)
Nebraska
14,651
30.1
0.6
(28.9–31.3)
Nevada
2,485
32.5
1.6
(29.5–35.6)
New Hampshire
6,369
30.6
0.9
(28.8–32.3)
New Jersey
10,084
31.8
0.8
(30.2–33.3)
New Mexico
5,611
29.1
1.0
(27.2–31.1)
New York
10,780
32.5
0.6
(31.3–33.7)
North Carolina
5,712
31.9
0.7
(30.5–33.4)
North Dakota
4,230
29.5
0.9
(27.8–31.3)
Ohio
10,463
31.2
0.8
(29.7–32.8)
Oklahoma
6,008
32.9
0.9
(31.1–34.7)
Oregon
4,528
31.5
0.9
(29.8–33.3)
Pennsylvania
4,895
29.8
0.8
(28.1–31.4)
Rhode Island
5,561
30.1
0.9
(28.3–31.9)
South Carolina
10,144
32.9
0.6
(31.6–34.1)
South Dakota
6,048
27.4
0.9
(25.6–29.2)
Tennessee
5,268
34.9
1.0
(32.9–37.0)
Texas
12,362
32.7
0.8
(31.1–34.2)
Utah
8,866
30.0
0.6
(28.9–31.1)
Vermont
5,681
28.0
0.8
(26.4–29.6)
Virginia
7,571
31.9
0.8
(30.4–33.4)
Washington
13,747
31.0
0.6
(29.9–32.1)
West Virginia
5,172
33.7
0.8
(32.1–35.3)
Wisconsin
5,365
30.6
0.9
(28.8–32.4)
Wyoming
4,766
30.1
1.1
(28.0–32.2)
Guam
1,261
36.9
1.9
(33.1–40.7)
Puerto Rico
4,601
37.3
0.9
(35.5–39.1)
Median

31.8


Range 27.1–37.3

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

TABLE 34. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥18 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they have high blood cholesterol, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
511
23.2
2.2
(19.0–27.5)
Akron, Ohio
435
27.9
3.2
(21.7–34.2)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
834
33.8
2.3
(29.3–38.3)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,249
29.4
1.8
(25.9–32.9)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
735
26.4
2.9
(20.7–32.0)
Anchorage, Alaska
881
33.3
2.2
(29.0–37.5)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,776
31.4
1.4
(28.6–34.2)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
685
34.4
2.8
(29.0–39.9)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,626
29.1
1.7
(25.8–32.4)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
4,227
33.6
1.5
(30.6–36.6)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
547
33.6
2.4
(28.9–38.2)
Billings, Montana
567
26.2
2.3
(21.6–30.7)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
1,144
34.5
1.8
(31.0–37.9)
Bismarck, North Dakota
767
29.7
2.2
(25.4–34.1)
Boise City, Idaho
1,255
34.0
1.9
(30.3–37.7)
Boston, Massachusetts§
2,131
29.4
1.2
(27.0–31.8)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
676
32.0
2.6
(27.0–37.1)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,570
26.5
1.4
(23.8–29.1)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
2,545
29.8
1.3
(27.3–32.2)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,384
29.1
1.7
(25.7–32.4)
Charleston, West Virginia
778
36.5
2.2
(32.1–40.9)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,350
32.3
1.5
(29.4–35.3)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,768
32.5
1.5
(29.5–35.5)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
3,217
31.6
1.0
(29.5–33.6)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,488
33.1
1.9
(29.4–36.8)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,421
31.1
2.2
(26.7–35.5)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
921
27.0
2.0
(23.0–30.9)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
510
26.9
2.6
(21.8–31.9)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,255
29.8
1.9
(26.1–33.4)
Columbia, South Carolina
1,080
31.6
1.7
(28.2–35.0)
Columbus, Ohio
1,586
34.2
1.9
(30.5–37.9)
Corpus Christi, Texas
513
32.3
3.6
(25.1–39.4)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
1,118
35.6
2.9
(30.0–41.2)
Dayton, Ohio
500
29.2
2.7
(23.9–34.4)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
5,021
28.8
1.0
(26.9–30.7)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
944
29.5
1.9
(25.8–33.2)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
815
26.5
2.2
(22.2–30.8)
El Paso, Texas
606
30.5
2.4
(25.8–35.3)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
835
29.4
1.8
(25.9–33.0)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
708
30.8
2.8
(25.4–36.2)
Florence, South Carolina
446
31.6
2.6
(26.4–36.7)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
527
30.5
2.6
(25.4–35.6)
Grand Island, Nebraska
645
25.0
1.8
(21.4–28.6)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
796
30.2
2.2
(25.9–34.5)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,314
31.5
1.6
(28.3–34.7)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
553
31.3
2.7
(26.0–36.6)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
709
32.6
2.9
(26.9–38.2)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,603
32.9
1.1
(30.7–35.1)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
566
32.6
2.8
(27.2–38.1)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,835
33.1
1.9
(29.4–36.7)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
1,061
32.6
1.9
(28.8–36.4)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
470
31.2
2.6
(26.2–36.2)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,767
33.4
1.6
(30.4–36.5)
Jackson, Mississippi
619
35.4
2.5
(30.5–40.2)
Jacksonville, Florida
594
30.7
2.2
(26.3–35.1)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
1,117
42.0
2.3
(37.5–46.5)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
6,649
33.9
1.0
(31.9–36.0)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
428
34.3
3.1
(28.2–40.4)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
456
38.1
4.7
(28.8–47.4)
Knoxville, Tennessee
518
33.8
2.9
(28.2–39.4)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,477
30.9
1.5
(28.0–33.8)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
1,007
37.4
2.7
(32.0–42.7)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
423
27.8
2.2
(23.4–32.1)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
2,397
32.3
1.2
(29.9–34.7)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,580
31.1
2.0
(27.2–35.0)
Manhattan, Kansas
534
31.1
2.5
(26.2–36.0)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
940
33.1
2.3
(28.5–37.7)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,856
33.5
1.6
(30.5–36.6)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,477
31.8
1.9
(28.1–35.5)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
7,501
28.8
0.7
(27.4–30.1)
Minot, North Dakota
447
28.5
2.6
(23.5–33.5)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
452
28.7
2.4
(24.1–33.4)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
883
32.0
2.3
(27.5–36.5)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
935
30.9
2.3
(26.3–35.5)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,324
31.8
1.7
(28.5–35.1)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
3,224
31.4
1.5
(28.5–34.3)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
830
34.6
2.0
(30.6–38.5)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
7,205
33.2
0.8
(31.7–34.7)
Norfolk, Nebraska
613
30.9
2.2
(26.6–35.2)
North Platte, Nebraska
554
29.0
2.1
(24.9–33.1)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
770
31.8
2.4
(27.1–36.4)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
1,645
31.3
1.2
(28.9–33.8)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,792
32.4
1.6
(29.3–35.5)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
3,418
31.6
1.1
(29.5–33.7)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
882
30.6
2.2
(26.2–35.0)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
665
35.0
2.3
(30.6–39.5)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
4,404
33.3
1.0
(31.2–35.3)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1,105
29.2
1.7
(25.9–32.5)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,466
32.0
1.5
(29.1–35.0)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
2,757
30.9
1.2
(28.6–33.3)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
6,365
30.2
1.0
(28.3–32.1)
Provo-Orem, Utah
1,268
28.0
1.4
(25.3–30.7)
Raleigh, North Carolina
584
31.3
2.1
(27.2–35.4)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,127
29.2
2.2
(24.8–33.5)
Reno, Nevada
816
35.6
2.4
(30.9–40.3)
Richmond, Virginia
1,195
31.4
1.6
(28.3–34.6)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
1,198
33.5
1.6
(30.3–36.7)
Rochester, Minnesota
579
27.6
2.0
(23.7–31.6)
Rochester, New York
694
25.5
2.0
(21.5–29.5)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,825
31.3
1.6
(28.1–34.5)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
822
28.5
2.0
(24.5–32.5)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
519
29.1
2.1
(24.9–33.3)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
1,919
31.1
1.6
(28.0–34.2)
Salina, Kansas
408
34.0
2.9
(28.3–39.6)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,853
36.4
2.1
(32.2–40.6)
Salt Lake City, Utah
3,287
30.1
0.9
(28.3–31.9)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
664
32.6
2.2
(28.3–36.9)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
453
24.8
3.0
(19.0–30.7)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
531
28.2
2.4
(23.5–32.8)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
2,918
37.4
1.1
(35.1–39.6)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
557
27.1
2.3
(22.6–31.7)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
4,957
30.2
0.9
(28.5–31.9)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
2,138
29.4
1.9
(25.6–33.2)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
775
27.0
2.7
(21.8–32.2)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1,151
24.8
1.8
(21.3–28.2)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
444
33.7
3.3
(27.2–40.2)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,355
31.3
1.7
(27.9–34.7)
Springfield, Massachusetts
1,028
30.5
1.9
(26.7–34.2)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,361
29.8
1.8
(26.3–33.2)
Toledo, Ohio
655
30.1
2.5
(25.2–35.0)
Topeka, Kansas
1,801
34.0
1.4
(31.2–36.8)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,376
31.7
1.7
(28.5–35.0)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
475
36.1
2.6
(31.0–41.2)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,570
32.7
1.6
(29.6–35.8)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
1,896
32.5
1.4
(29.8–35.2)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
7,189
30.9
1.1
(28.8–33.0)
Wichita, Kansas
3,973
31.7
0.8
(30.1–33.4)
Wichita Falls, Texas
511
42.0
4.9
(32.4–51.6)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
1,981
33.0
1.6
(29.9–36.2)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,389
34.9
1.8
(31.4–38.5)
Median

31.4


Range 23.2–42.0

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

§ Metropolitan division.

Coronary Heart Disease

Respondents were classified as having coronary heart disease if they had ever been told by a health professional that they had a heart attack (i.e., myocardial infarction) or angina. In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of coronary heart disease among adults aged ≥45 years ranged from 7.2% in Hawaii to 16.8% in West Virginia (median: 10.3%) (Table 35). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥45 years who reported coronary heart disease ranged from 4.7% in San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California, to 17.8% in Wichita Falls, Texas (median: 10.1%) (Table 36).

TABLE 35. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥45 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they had coronary heart disease, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
5,720
12.8
0.6
(11.7–13.9)
Alaska
2,476
8.8
1.0
(6.9–10.7)
Arizona
6,115
10.2
0.5
(9.2–11.2)
Arkansas
4,256
14.3
0.8
(12.6–15.9)
California
7,188
8.7
0.5
(7.8–9.6)
Colorado
9,557
8.2
0.4
(7.4–8.9)
Connecticut
9,082
9.0
0.4
(8.3–9.8)
Delaware
3,013
11.0
0.7
(9.6–12.5)
District of Columbia
3,143
8.8
0.9
(7.1–10.6)
Florida
7,571
11.2
0.5
(10.3–12.2)
Georgia
3,448
12.1
0.7
(10.7–13.5)
Hawaii
4,975
7.2
0.5
(6.2–8.3)
Idaho
4,233
9.3
0.6
(8.0–10.5)
Illinois
3,762
10.8
0.6
(9.6–12.1)
Indiana
4,665
12.9
0.6
(11.6–14.1)
Iowa
4,730
9.8
0.5
(8.8–10.7)
Kansas
16,390
10.1
0.3
(9.6–10.6)
Kentucky
6,483
15.4
0.7
(14.0–16.9)
Louisiana
3,385
13.1
0.7
(11.8–14.4)
Maine
7,131
11.6
0.6
(10.5–12.7)
Maryland
10,197
9.7
0.5
(8.8–10.7)
Massachusetts
6,277
10.1
0.6
(9.0–11.2)
Michigan
6,320
12.1
0.5
(11.1–13.1)
Minnesota
11,712
9.0
0.3
(8.4–9.6)
Mississippi
4,621
13.6
0.7
(12.2–15.0)
Missouri
5,415
12.5
0.6
(11.3–13.6)
Montana
4,605
8.9
0.5
(7.9–9.9)
Nebraska
12,588
9.7
0.4
(9.0–10.4)
Nevada
2,110
10.7
1.1
(8.6–12.8)
New Hampshire
5,674
9.4
0.5
(8.5–10.3)
New Jersey
8,255
9.5
0.5
(8.6–10.5)
New Mexico
5,052
9.3
0.6
(8.2–10.5)
New York
8,855
10.0
0.4
(9.2–10.8)
North Carolina
4,451
12.4
0.6
(11.2–13.5)
North Dakota
3,639
10.3
0.7
(9.0–11.7)
Ohio
9,363
11.5
0.5
(10.5–12.6)
Oklahoma
5,353
14.7
0.8
(13.2–16.2)
Oregon
3,884
9.1
0.5
(8.0–10.1)
Pennsylvania
4,003
11.4
0.7
(10.1–12.7)
Rhode Island
4,795
9.6
0.5
(8.6–10.7)
South Carolina
8,552
11.5
0.5
(10.6–12.4)
South Dakota
5,347
11.5
0.7
(10.1–12.9)
Tennessee
4,567
13.6
0.7
(12.2–14.9)
Texas
10,456
11.4
0.6
(10.2–12.6)
Utah
6,589
8.4
0.4
(7.5–9.2)
Vermont
4,784
10.1
0.6
(9.0–11.2)
Virginia
6,126
9.1
0.5
(8.2–10.0)
Washington
11,908
9.7
0.4
(9.0–10.4)
West Virginia
4,182
16.8
0.7
(15.5–18.1)
Wisconsin
4,462
9.7
0.6
(8.5–10.9)
Wyoming
4,400
10.5
0.6
(9.3–11.7)
Guam
815
11.0
1.7
(7.7–14.3)
Puerto Rico
3,631
14.3
0.7
(12.9–15.7)
Median

10.3


Range 7.2–16.8

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Including heart attack (also known as myocardial infarction) and angina.

TABLE 36. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥45 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they had coronary heart disease, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
444
12.5
1.9
(8.7–16.3)
Akron, Ohio
396
6.9
1.3
(4.4–9.4)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
718
9.4
1.3
(6.9–11.9)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,073
8.8
1.1
(6.6–11.0)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
643
11.4
2.1
(7.3–15.5)
Anchorage, Alaska
705
10.0
1.6
(6.9–13.1)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,436
10.1
0.9
(8.2–11.9)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
586
12.3
2.4
(7.5–17.0)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,327
7.8
1.1
(5.6–9.9)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
3,684
10.4
0.8
(8.8–11.9)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
435
12.4
1.8
(8.9–15.9)
Billings, Montana
505
9.0
1.3
(6.4–11.5)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
947
12.4
1.3
(9.9–14.8)
Bismarck, North Dakota
669
9.9
1.5
(7.0–12.8)
Boise City, Idaho
1,040
8.3
1.3
(5.8–10.7)
Boston, Massachusetts§
1,595
10.6
1.1
(8.3–12.8)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
577
9.3
1.5
(6.3–12.3)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,234
9.7
1.1
(7.5–11.8)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
1,969
8.7
0.9
(7.0–10.4)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,092
10.4
1.4
(7.7–13.0)
Charleston, West Virginia
626
17.3
1.9
(13.6–20.9)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,092
7.7
1.0
(5.8–9.7)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,390
12.0
1.4
(9.3–14.7)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
2,560
11.1
0.8
(9.5–12.8)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,283
12.8
1.6
(9.6–16.0)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,273
11.0
1.2
(8.7–13.3)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
821
9.5
1.3
(7.0–12.0)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
437
8.4
2.4
(3.6–13.2)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,061
9.4
1.3
(6.9–11.8)
Columbia, South Carolina
837
12.0
1.6
(8.8–15.2)
Columbus, Ohio
1,323
12.1
1.4
(9.3–14.9)
Corpus Christi, Texas
468
11.0
2.5
(6.1–15.9)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
950
12.0
2.2
(7.7–16.2)
Dayton, Ohio
441
9.9
1.4
(7.2–12.5)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
3,905
7.4
0.6
(6.3–8.5)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
799
7.7
1.0
(5.6–9.7)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
716
9.3
1.5
(6.4–12.2)
El Paso, Texas
516
9.0
1.6
(5.9–12.1)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
654
8.5
1.3
(5.9–11.1)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
640
12.1
2.1
(8.1–16.2)
Florence, South Carolina
369
12.7
2.2
(8.4–16.9)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
443
13.2
2.9
(7.6–18.8)
Grand Island, Nebraska
566
9.9
1.5
(7.0–12.9)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
653
11.6
1.5
(8.7–14.6)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,087
12.1
1.2
(9.8–14.5)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
494
12.9
1.8
(9.4–16.4)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
636
16.5
3.2
(10.2–22.8)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,065
8.8
0.6
(7.6–10.0)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
499
10.5
2.1
(6.3–14.6)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,532
10.4
1.4
(7.6–13.1)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
861
17.7
1.6
(14.5–20.9)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
392
10.1
1.7
(6.8–13.3)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,494
10.8
1.0
(8.8–12.8)
Jackson, Mississippi
472
10.0
1.9
(6.3–13.7)
Jacksonville, Florida
495
12.3
2.0
(8.3–16.3)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
947
6.7
1.1
(4.6–8.8)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
5,491
10.9
0.7
(9.6–12.2)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
394
7.7
1.5
(4.7–10.7)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
419
16.4
2.5
(11.4–21.3)
Knoxville, Tennessee
443
15.3
2.5
(10.4–20.1)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,101
7.5
0.9
(5.6–9.3)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
904
12.8
1.8
(9.3–16.2)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
327
9.1
2.0
(5.1–13.0)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
1,610
8.3
1.0
(6.4–10.2)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,456
15.4
1.7
(12.1–18.7)
Manhattan, Kansas
423
9.2
1.4
(6.4–12.0)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
825
11.1
1.6
(7.9–14.3)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,547
10.1
1.0
(8.1–12.2)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,236
8.6
1.1
(6.5–10.8)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
5,954
8.0
0.4
(7.2–8.8)
Minot, North Dakota
376
9.3
1.9
(5.7–13.0)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
344
9.1
1.6
(5.9–12.3)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
770
13.9
1.6
(10.8–17.0)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
794
11.6
1.4
(8.9–14.2)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,086
9.5
1.0
(7.6–11.5)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
2,707
8.2
0.8
(6.6–9.7)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
659
11.5
1.3
(8.9–14.0)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
5,536
9.9
0.5
(8.9–10.9)
Norfolk, Nebraska
492
10.1
1.6
(6.9–13.3)
North Platte, Nebraska
483
13.1
1.8
(9.5–16.6)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
551
8.7
1.5
(5.7–11.6)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
1,147
8.8
1.0
(6.9–10.8)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,582
12.8
1.3
(10.3–15.3)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
2,802
10.1
0.7
(8.7–11.5)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
732
12.1
1.6
(8.9–15.3)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
497
10.1
1.6
(7.1–13.2)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
3,754
10.2
0.6
(8.9–11.4)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
895
10.9
1.2
(8.5–13.3)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,153
10.2
0.9
(8.5–12.0)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
2,287
9.1
0.7
(7.7–10.5)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
5,433
9.7
0.7
(8.3–11.1)
Provo-Orem, Utah
807
5.8
0.9
(4.0–7.5)
Raleigh, North Carolina
370
12.3
1.9
(8.5–16.1)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,019
13.2
1.8
(9.6–16.7)
Reno, Nevada
704
9.5
1.5
(6.5–12.5)
Richmond, Virginia
930
9.8
1.2
(7.4–12.2)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
881
11.3
1.3
(8.8–13.8)
Rochester, Minnesota
462
7.4
1.2
(5.0–9.7)
Rochester, New York
613
8.4
1.3
(5.8–11.0)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,611
10.2
0.9
(8.4–12.0)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
589
10.4
1.5
(7.5–13.3)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
396
8.7
1.7
(5.3–12.1)
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
1,635
12.2
1.0
(10.2–14.2)
Salina, Kansas
359
8.1
1.5
(5.1–11.1)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,673
13.8
1.8
(10.2–17.3)
Salt Lake City, Utah
2,374
7.7
0.7
(6.4–9.0)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
508
9.3
1.4
(6.6–12.1)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
278
NA
NA
NA
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
340
4.7
1.2
(2.4–7.0)
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
2,305
14.2
0.9
(12.4–15.9)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
496
10.8
1.5
(7.9–13.6)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
4,079
7.9
0.5
(6.9–8.9)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
1,846
7.9
0.9
(6.1–9.8)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
723
9.5
2.7
(4.3–14.7)
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
958
8.7
1.1
(6.5–10.9)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
368
12.5
2.3
(8.0–16.9)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,181
9.2
0.9
(7.3–11.0)
Springfield, Massachusetts
833
15.3
2.0
(11.3–19.2)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,169
10.0
1.0
(7.9–12.0)
Toledo, Ohio
567
11.8
1.7
(8.5–15.0)
Topeka, Kansas
1,527
9.1
0.8
(7.5–10.7)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,211
15.8
1.7
(12.4–19.1)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
377
11.0
1.8
(7.5–14.4)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,278
8.8
1.0
(6.9–10.8)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
1,511
10.3
1.0
(8.4–12.3)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
5,964
6.9
0.6
(5.8–8.0)
Wichita, Kansas
3,345
10.1
0.6
(9.0–11.2)
Wichita Falls, Texas
489
17.8
2.7
(12.6–23.0)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
1,637
9.9
0.9
(8.1–11.7)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,088
10.9
1.3
(8.4–13.4)
Median

10.1


Range 4.7–17.8

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; NA = not available; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

Including heart attack (also known as myocardial infarction) and angina.

§ Metropolitan division.

Estimate not available if the unweighted sample size for the denominator was <50 or if the relative standard error was >0.3.

Stroke

Adults were classified as having had a stroke if they had ever been told by a health professional that they had a stroke. In 2015, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of stroke among adults aged ≥45 years ranged from 2.5% in Puerto Rico to 7.5% in Mississippi (median: 4.9%) (Table 37). Among selected MMSAs, the age-adjusted prevalence estimates of stroke among adults aged ≥45 years ranged from 2.1% in College Station-Bryan, Texas, to 8.4% in Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio (median: 4.7%) (Table 38).

TABLE 37. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥45 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they had a stroke, by state/territory — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
State/Territory Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Alabama
5,784
7.2
0.5
(6.3–8.1)
Alaska
2,493
4.7
0.7
(3.3–6.1)
Arizona
6,152
4.9
0.4
(4.1–5.6)
Arkansas
4,324
6.4
0.7
(4.9–7.8)
California
7,208
4.0
0.3
(3.5–4.6)
Colorado
9,604
4.0
0.3
(3.5–4.6)
Connecticut
9,132
4.1
0.3
(3.5–4.6)
Delaware
3,046
5.8
0.5
(4.8–6.8)
District of Columbia
3,166
6.6
0.8
(5.1–8.1)
Florida
7,618
4.5
0.3
(4.0–5.1)
Georgia
3,478
6.1
0.6
(5.0–7.2)
Hawaii
5,002
4.4
0.4
(3.6–5.2)
Idaho
4,269
4.2
0.4
(3.4–5.1)
Illinois
3,766
5.2
0.5
(4.3–6.1)
Indiana
4,702
5.7
0.5
(4.8–6.6)
Iowa
4,766
3.8
0.3
(3.2–4.5)
Kansas
16,510
5.0
0.2
(4.6–5.4)
Kentucky
6,564
6.8
0.5
(5.8–7.8)
Louisiana
3,425
6.7
0.5
(5.7–7.7)
Maine
7,164
4.7
0.4
(4.0–5.5)
Maryland
10,273
5.0
0.5
(4.0–6.0)
Massachusetts
6,317
3.9
0.3
(3.2–4.5)
Michigan
6,361
5.3
0.4
(4.6–6.0)
Minnesota
11,753
3.6
0.2
(3.2–4.0)
Mississippi
4,672
7.5
0.5
(6.4–8.5)
Missouri
5,466
6.7
0.4
(5.8–7.5)
Montana
4,649
4.6
0.5
(3.6–5.5)
Nebraska
12,690
4.1
0.3
(3.6–4.6)
Nevada
2,128
3.7
0.6
(2.6–4.9)
New Hampshire
5,705
3.4
0.3
(2.9–4.0)
New Jersey
8,308
3.5
0.3
(2.9–4.0)
New Mexico
5,086
5.3
0.5
(4.3–6.3)
New York
8,910
3.7
0.3
(3.2–4.2)
North Carolina
4,478
6.3
0.5
(5.4–7.2)
North Dakota
3,670
4.5
0.4
(3.7–5.3)
Ohio
9,422
5.4
0.3
(4.8–6.1)
Oklahoma
5,391
6.4
0.5
(5.5–7.4)
Oregon
3,920
4.9
0.4
(4.1–5.8)
Pennsylvania
4,036
5.7
0.5
(4.7–6.8)
Rhode Island
4,810
3.9
0.4
(3.1–4.7)
South Carolina
8,645
5.9
0.4
(5.2–6.6)
South Dakota
5,395
4.1
0.4
(3.3–5.0)
Tennessee
4,616
6.9
0.5
(5.9–7.9)
Texas
10,543
5.7
0.5
(4.8–6.6)
Utah
6,646
4.1
0.3
(3.5–4.6)
Vermont
4,813
3.8
0.4
(3.1–4.5)
Virginia
6,152
4.9
0.4
(4.2–5.6)
Washington
11,979
4.8
0.3
(4.3–5.3)
West Virginia
4,211
7.1
0.5
(6.1–8.0)
Wisconsin
4,504
3.4
0.4
(2.7–4.1)
Wyoming
4,421
4.5
0.5
(3.6–5.4)
Guam
824
6.8
1.3
(4.3–9.3)
Puerto Rico
3,641
2.5
0.3
(1.9–3.0)
Median

4.9


Range 2.5–7.5

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

TABLE 38. Age-adjusted* prevalence estimates of adults aged ≥45 years who have ever been told by a health professional that they had a stroke, by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2015.
MMSA Sample
size % SE (95% CI)
Aberdeen, South Dakota
448
6.3
1.4
(3.6–9.1)
Akron, Ohio
400
6.9
1.7
(3.5–10.3)
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York
718
2.9
0.6
(1.8–4.1)
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1,079
6.5
1.0
(4.5–8.6)
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pennsylvania-New Jersey
648
NA
NA
NA
Anchorage, Alaska
709
5.4
1.2
(3.0–7.8)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Georgia
1,445
4.5
0.7
(3.2–5.8)
Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia-South Carolina
591
4.6
1.3
(2.1–7.2)
Austin-Round Rock, Texas
1,335
4.3
0.8
(2.7–5.8)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, Maryland
3,705
5.4
0.9
(3.7–7.2)
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
443
6.8
1.4
(4.1–9.5)
Billings, Montana
507
4.6
1.0
(2.7–6.5)
Birmingham-Hoover, Alabama
955
7.0
1.1
(4.8–9.1)
Bismarck, North Dakota
676
5.5
1.2
(3.2–7.8)
Boise City, Idaho
1,046
3.5
0.8
(2.0–5.1)
Boston, Massachusetts§
1,606
3.9
0.6
(2.7–5.2)
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, New York
583
3.3
0.9
(1.5–5.2)
Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont
1,243
2.7
0.5
(1.7–3.7)
Cambridge-Newton-Framingham, Massachusetts§
1,981
3.7
0.6
(2.6–4.9)
Camden, New Jersey§
1,095
3.3
0.7
(2.0–4.6)
Charleston, West Virginia
632
7.7
1.5
(4.8–10.6)
Charleston-North Charleston, South Carolina
1,106
4.7
0.8
(3.2–6.2)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, North Carolina-South Carolina
1,400
6.7
1.2
(4.3–9.1)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana-Wisconsin
2,562
5.1
0.5
(4.1–6.2)
Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana
1,290
4.2
0.7
(2.8–5.6)
Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire-Vermont
1,281
4.7
0.7
(3.3–6.2)
Cleveland-Elyria, Ohio
825
4.4
0.9
(2.7–6.1)
College Station-Bryan, Texas
442
2.1
0.6
(1.0–3.2)
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1,068
4.7
0.9
(2.9–6.5)
Columbia, South Carolina
848
5.5
1.3
(2.9–8.1)
Columbus, Ohio
1,337
7.1
1.1
(5.0–9.2)
Corpus Christi, Texas
472
5.6
1.5
(2.6–8.6)
Dallas-Plano-Irving, Texas§
954
4.9
1.4
(2.2–7.6)
Dayton, Ohio
442
6.1
1.3
(3.5–8.6)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, Colorado
3,930
3.5
0.4
(2.8–4.2)
Des Moines-West Des Moines, Iowa
805
3.8
0.8
(2.1–5.4)
Duluth, Minnesota-Wisconsin
719
2.7
0.6
(1.5–3.9)
El Paso, Texas
517
3.9
0.9
(2.0–5.7)
Fargo, North Dakota-Minnesota
657
4.1
1.0
(2.2–6.0)
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
651
3.4
0.9
(1.5–5.2)
Florence, South Carolina
374
6.3
1.5
(3.4–9.2)
Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas§
448
3.9
0.9
(2.1–5.6)
Grand Island, Nebraska
572
4.5
1.0
(2.6–6.4)
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, Michigan
658
4.6
1.0
(2.7–6.6)
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, South Carolina
1,094
4.5
0.8
(2.8–6.1)
Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, Mississippi
502
7.6
1.5
(4.7–10.5)
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, Maryland-West Virginia
643
5.2
1.2
(2.9–7.6)
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut
3,081
4.1
0.4
(3.3–5.0)
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, South Carolina
502
5.3
1.6
(2.2–8.3)
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas
1,547
6.9
1.4
(4.2–9.6)
Huntington-Ashland, West Virginia-Kentucky-Ohio
868
8.4
1.4
(5.7–11.1)
Idaho Falls, Idaho
394
3.6
0.9
(1.8–5.4)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, Indiana
1,506
5.6
0.8
(4.0–7.1)
Jackson, Mississippi
479
7.4
1.7
(4.2–10.7)
Jacksonville, Florida
498
5.3
1.3
(2.8–7.7)
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, Hawaii
955
2.2
0.6
(1.0–3.3)
Kansas City, Missouri-Kansas
5,531
5.3
0.5
(4.3–6.2)
Kennewick-Richland, Washington
396
6.0
1.8
(2.5–9.5)
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia
430
6.8
1.4
(4.0–9.5)
Knoxville, Tennessee
447
5.0
1.2
(2.7–7.3)
Lincoln, Nebraska
1,109
3.7
0.7
(2.3–5.0)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, Arkansas
908
5.7
1.5
(2.8–8.6)
Logan, Utah-Idaho
329
NA
NA
NA
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
1,611
4.2
0.6
(2.9–5.4)
Louisville-Jefferson County, Kentucky-Indiana
1,463
6.1
1.0
(4.1–8.1)
Manhattan, Kansas
423
3.5
0.9
(1.7–5.2)
Memphis, Tennessee-Mississippi-Arkansas
833
6.8
1.4
(4.1–9.5)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
1,559
3.4
0.6
(2.2–4.5)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wisconsin
1,245
3.9
0.7
(2.5–5.3)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minnesota-Wisconsin
5,980
3.3
0.3
(2.8–3.8)
Minot, North Dakota
379
3.9
1.1
(1.8–6.1)
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, Pennsylvania§
350
8.4
2.1
(4.3–12.4)
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina-North Carolina
774
5.4
0.9
(3.5–7.2)
Nashville-Davidson County-Murfreesboro-Franklin, Tennessee
796
4.3
0.9
(2.6–6.0)
Nassau County-Suffolk County, New York§
1,092
2.5
0.5
(1.5–3.4)
Newark, New Jersey-Pennsylvania§
2,736
4.2
0.6
(3.0–5.3)
New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
665
5.8
1.0
(3.8–7.8)
New York-Jersey City-White Plains, New York-New Jersey§
5,575
3.6
0.3
(3.0–4.3)
Norfolk, Nebraska
498
NA
NA
NA
North Platte, Nebraska
490
5.7
1.4
(2.9–8.4)
Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley, California§
550
5.0
1.4
(2.3–7.6)
Ogden-Clearfield, Utah
1,156
4.7
0.7
(3.4–6.1)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1,593
6.2
0.9
(4.4–7.9)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, Nebraska-Iowa
2,832
4.4
0.5
(3.4–5.3)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Florida
736
4.8
1.1
(2.7–6.9)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania§
502
6.3
1.3
(3.7–8.9)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, Arizona
3,781
5.0
0.5
(4.0–5.9)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
902
4.7
0.8
(3.0–6.3)
Portland-South Portland, Maine
2,158
3.7
0.5
(2.8–4.7)
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Oregon-Washington
2,303
4.3
0.5
(3.3–5.3)
Providence-Warwick, Rhode Island-Massachusetts
5,456
3.8
0.4
(3.0–4.7)
Provo-Orem, Utah
811
2.9
0.7
(1.6–4.3)
Raleigh, North Carolina
372
5.1
1.4
(2.4–7.7)
Rapid City, South Dakota
1,027
4.7
1.0
(2.7–6.8)
Reno, Nevada
705
4.2
1.0
(2.2–6.1)
Richmond, Virginia
933
5.1
1.0
(3.1–7.0)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, California
884
4.4
0.7
(2.9–5.8)
Rochester, Minnesota
463
2.5
0.7
(1.1–3.9)
Rochester, New York
620
3.0
0.7
(1.7–4.3)
Rockingham County-Strafford County, New Hampshire§
1,621
3.3
0.5
(2.3–4.3)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, California
587
3.2
0.8
(1.6–4.7)
St. Cloud, Minnesota
398
NA
NA
NA
St. Louis, Missouri-Illinois
1,641
6.5
0.9
(4.8–8.2)
Salina, Kansas
361
3.8
1.1
(1.7–6.0)
Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware
1,687
5.5
0.8
(4.0–7.0)
Salt Lake City, Utah
2,391
3.5
0.4
(2.6–4.3)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, Texas
512
5.7
1.4
(3.0–8.4)
San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco, California§
279
NA
NA
NA
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
341
NA
NA
NA
San Juan-Carolina-Caguas, Puerto Rico
2,313
2.4
0.4
(1.7–3.1)
Scottsbluff, Nebraska
501
3.6
1.0
(1.7–5.5)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Washington§
4,098
4.1
0.4
(3.4–4.8)
Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Maryland§
1,856
3.9
0.8
(2.4–5.4)
Sioux City, Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota
729
NA
NA
NA
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
963
2.5
0.5
(1.4–3.5)
Spartanburg, South Carolina
373
7.1
1.6
(4.0–10.3)
Spokane-Spokane Valley, Washington
1,186
4.9
0.7
(3.5–6.3)
Springfield, Massachusetts
839
2.4
0.6
(1.3–3.5)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida
1,175
5.4
0.8
(3.8–7.0)
Toledo, Ohio
567
4.8
1.1
(2.6–6.9)
Topeka, Kansas
1,544
4.5
0.6
(3.3–5.6)
Tulsa, Oklahoma
1,213
5.7
0.9
(3.8–7.5)
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
379
5.7
1.2
(3.3–8.1)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Virginia-North Carolina
1,284
6.5
0.9
(4.8–8.3)
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, Michigan§
1,520
4.3
0.6
(3.1–5.6)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, District of Columbia-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia§
6,010
3.8
0.5
(2.9–4.7)
Wichita, Kansas
3,359
5.9
0.5
(4.9–6.9)
Wichita Falls, Texas
494
6.1
1.2
(3.7–8.5)
Wilmington, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey§
1,656
5.3
0.7
(4.0–6.6)
Worcester, Massachusetts-Connecticut
1,088
4.3
0.8
(2.8–5.8)
Median

4.7


Range 2.1–8.4

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMSA = metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area; NA = not available; SE = standard error.

* Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.

§ Metropolitan division.

Estimate not available if the unweighted sample size for the denominator was <50 or if the relative standard error was >0.3.

Discussion

The findings in this report reveal considerable geographic variation in the age-adjusted estimated prevalence of health care access and use, health-risk behaviors, and chronic health conditions among U.S. adults at the state, territory, and MMSA level. Variations in age-adjusted prevalence estimates might be because of differences in sociodemographic characteristics, cultural contexts, behavioral risk factors for health conditions, health care access and affordability, state and municipal laws, or combinations of these factors. BRFSS is one of the main sources of health information at the state and local level. Prevalence estimates from BRFSS are used at the state and local level to monitor changes in population health status over time, to determine the needs of public health programming, and to evaluate the effectiveness of public health initiatives.

Health Status Indicators

Self-reported general health status is a strong risk factor for mortality independent of other medical and sociodemographic characteristics (18). Likewise, physical and mental healthy days measures are independent predictors of physician visits, hospitalization, and mortality (19). These self-reported health measures have been found to be reliable and valid (20,21). In the 2015 BRFSS, the estimated prevalence of self-reported fair or poor general health status ranged from 11.2% to 34.1% among states and territories and from 8.7% to 33.1% in selected MMSAs (i.e., this prevalence represents adults who did not report good or better general health status in Tables 12). The estimated prevalence of adults reporting poor physical or mental health for ≥14 of the last 30 days also varied by geographic region. To reduce the prevalence of poor physical and mental health status, it is essential to investigate and address the underlying causes of these conditions.

Health Care Coverage

According to BRFSS data, the median age-adjusted prevalence of health care coverage among adults aged 18–64 years increased from 78.4% in 2011 to 86.8% in 2015. The Affordable Care Act (ACA), passed in 2010, includes multiple provisions to increase access to health care coverage for the U.S. population. As of July 1, 2016, a total of 32 states had elected to expand Medicaid eligibility under ACA, extending eligibility to a new group of adults aged <65 years with incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level (22). In addition, ACA offers tax credits to numerous families who purchase insurance coverage through the Health Insurance Marketplace to subsidize the cost of premiums (23). Furthermore, ACA prevents health insurers from denying coverage or charging more because of a pre-existing condition (24). ACA also requires insurers to allow children to remain on their parents’ health insurance plans until age 26 years (25). As of March 2016, the number of uninsured persons in the United States (of all ages) had decreased by 21.3 million since the enactment of ACA (26). Despite this progress, approximately 13.2% (age-adjusted prevalence estimate) of adults aged 18–64 lacked health insurance coverage in 2015. Not having health insurance is associated with higher morbidity and mortality and poorer quality of life (27). Additional work to enhance insurance affordability and coverage might generate essential gains in health and other outcomes.

Recent Routine Physical Checkup

Although routine checkups are no longer generally recommended, they might provide opportunities to deliver certain types of high-value care (e.g., early detection of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cancer, and other adverse health conditions), establish relationships between patients and providers, and gauge access to or use of health care (28,29). In 2015, a large proportion of U.S. adults (up to 41.9% in Alaska) had not visited a doctor for a routine checkup during the preceding year. Lack of health insurance and transportation are barriers to health care for many adults (27,30). In addition, adults might not be aware of free or low-cost health care options in their community. The Health Resources and Services Administration provides a list of these health care centers by geographic region (31).

Current Cigarette Smoking

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States (32). Annually, approximately 480,000 U.S. deaths are attributable to smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke; approximately 9% of these are caused by second-hand smoke (33). Smoking causes coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancers of the lung, colon, stomach, and other areas of the body (34). Approximately 80% of lung cancer deaths among U.S. adults aged ≥35 years are attributable to smoking (33). During 2013–2015, the median age-adjusted prevalence estimate of current smoking decreased from 19.3% to 17.7%. However, the 2015 prevalence is still substantially higher than the Healthy People 2020 goal of ≤12.0% (35). Culturally appropriate tobacco prevention and control programs are needed, particularly among subgroups at high risk for tobacco use (e.g., adults of low socioeconomic status) (36). Tobacco prevention campaigns that discourage smoking initiation among adolescents might reduce the number of future adult smokers (37). More data are needed on the prevalence of electronic cigarette and marijuana use, which appear to be increasing (38,39). In 2016, BRFSS added questions about electronic cigarettes to the core questionnaire. Marijuana use was added as an optional BRFSS module in 2016.

Binge Drinking

Binge drinking costs the U.S. economy approximately $191 billion annually (40). Binge drinking increases the risk for alcohol poisoning, injury (e.g., falls and motor vehicle accidents), high blood pressure, and liver damage (41). Binge drinking also can contribute to sexually transmitted diseases and unplanned pregnancy (41). Younger adults are more likely to binge drink than older adults, but binge drinking remains a problem throughout life (42). Among states and territories in the 2015 BRFSS, 11.2%–26.0% of adults engaged in binge drinking within 30 days of participating in the survey. Health care systems could screen for and counsel about risky or hazardous drinking (43). At the population level, certain policies have been proven effective against binge drinking. For instance, increasing alcohol taxes and limiting days or hours of sale are effective interventions against alcohol misuse (44).

No Leisure-Time Physical Activity

Physical activity might help reduce the risk for weight gain, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, depression, and various types of cancers (45). Federal guidelines recommend that adults engage in ≥2.5 hours of moderate intensity aerobic activity (e.g., brisk walking) or ≥1.25 hours of vigorous intensity aerobic activity (e.g., running) or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity per week. In addition, adults should perform muscle-strengthening activities at least 2 days each week (46). In 2015, the proportion of adults who reported no leisure-time physical activity during the preceding month was substantial (median: 25.5%). Community-level policies that increase access to sidewalks, bicycle lanes, outdoor recreation spaces, and safe neighborhoods might help facilitate physical activity among U.S. adults (47).

No Daily Fruit or Vegetable Consumption

Regular fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with reduced risk for obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and various cancers (48,49). Fruits and vegetables are rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, which have myriad health benefits (48,49). For example, certain fruits and vegetables are major sources of vitamin C, which plays an important role in tissue repair (48,49). Federal guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption vary by age, sex, and level of physical activity (50). Sedentary adults (i.e., those who obtain less than 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily, not counting regular daily activities) should consume between 1.5 and 2 cup-equivalents of fruit per day and between 2 and 3 cup-equivalents of vegetables per day (50). Moderately active and active adults, who have increased caloric needs, should consume larger quantities (50). Results from the 2015 BRFSS indicate that a large proportion of U.S. adults fail to meet these guidelines. Among states and territories, 33.3%–55.5% of adults reported consuming fruit less than once daily during the preceding month, and 16.6%–31.3% of adults reported consuming vegetables less than once daily during the preceding month. The United States Department of Agriculture’s MyPlate campaign encourages adults to fill half of their plates with fruits and vegetables and provides consumers with tips on how to increase consumption of healthy foods (51). In addition, the 2015–2020 Federal Dietary Guidelines describe strategies that persons, schools, workplaces, food retailers, and communities can implement to increase healthy eating (50).

Obesity

Obesity increases the risks for coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and type 2 diabetes, all of which are leading causes of death (1). Obesity is also associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, and osteoarthritis (52). Annual obesity-related health care costs in the United States were estimated at $147 billion as of 2008 (53). Modifiable risk factors for obesity include sedentary lifestyle, excess caloric intake, and lack of sleep (54). Community-level interventions for obesity prevention include improving access to healthy foods and beverages and enhancing community infrastructure to support walking or bicycling (55,56).

Diabetes

Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (1). Approximately 29 million persons in the United States have diabetes (57). An additional 86 million have prediabetes; of these, 90% are unaware that they have this condition (58). Complications of diabetes include cardiovascular diseases, blindness, kidney failure, and amputation of extremities (58). Diagnosed diabetes costs the United States approximately $245 billion in medical costs and lost productivity per year (59). The age-adjusted prevalence estimate of diabetes among adults aged ≥45 years ranged from 11.2% to 26.8% among states and territories in the 2015 BFRSS. Interventions that promote physical activity and reduce obesity might be helpful in preventing diabetes. For persons at high risk, lifestyle interventions (e.g., the CDC’s National Diabetes Prevention Program) are proven to help adults with prediabetes prevent type 2 diabetes by exercising, eating healthier, and losing weight (60).

Arthritis

There are approximately 100 types of arthritis, which is characterized by inflammation of the joints or connective tissue (e.g., cartilage) surrounding joints (61). Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis (61). Common arthritis symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, and swelling (61). Approximately 40% of adults with arthritis encounter activity limitations (62), and approximately 30% experience work limitations (63). The age-adjusted prevalence estimates of arthritis among adults aged ≥18 years in 2015 ranged from 17.2% to 33.6% among states and territories. Women, older adults, and persons who have obesity are at increased risk for receiving an arthritis diagnosis (62,64). Physical activity and maintaining a healthy body weight might help arthritis patients successfully manage their condition (64,65).

Depressive Disorder

An estimated 16.1 million U.S. adults (6.7%) had one or more major depressive episodes in 2015 (66). Women and younger adults were at increased risk (66). The estimated lifetime prevalence of depressive disorder ranged from 9.6% to 27.0% among states and territories in the 2015 BRFSS. Depression is associated with increased risk for anxiety disorders, sleep disturbance, substance abuse, smoking, and obesity (67). In the workplace, depression is associated with unemployment and lost productivity (67). Depression is also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease-related mortality and suicide (67). Approximately half of adults with depression do not seek treatment (68). Reducing stigma related to mental illness and increasing access to mental health care could help adults with depression better manage this condition.

High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure increases the risk for coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and stroke (69). The estimated prevalence of high blood pressure was high in the 2015 BRFSS (median: 29.1% among states and territories). Approximately 17% of adults with high blood pressure remain undiagnosed (70). Enhancing systematic approaches to screening and treatment of hypertension in health care and community settings could improve high blood pressure detection and control (7173). Public health initiatives should emphasize the importance of modifiable risk factors for high blood pressure, which include obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, excess sodium consumption, excess alcohol use, and smoking (74). Addressing these lifestyle factors might also help adults with high blood pressure control their blood pressure (75).

Cholesterol Screening and High Blood Cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease and stroke (76). Risk factors for high blood cholesterol include obesity, diabetes, lack of exercise, smoking, and a diet high in trans fat and saturated fat (77). The age-adjusted prevalence estimates of high cholesterol in adults aged ≥18 years ranged from 27.1% to 37.3% among states and territories in the 2015 BRFSS. Because high blood cholesterol is an asymptomatic condition, regular risk assessment, testing, and appropriate treatment is essential (78). Low-risk adults aged 40–75 years (i.e., adults who do not have heart disease, do not have diabetes, do not consume cholesterol medication, and who have low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol between 70–189 mg/dL) should have their blood cholesterol checked every 4 to 6 years (79). The potential benefits of cholesterol screening among low-risk younger adults is unknown (80). In 2015, 20.9% of the U.S. adult population reported that they had never had their blood cholesterol checked, and approximately 24% reported not having their blood cholesterol checked during the preceding 5 years (median age-adjusted prevalence at the state level). Furthermore, approximately half of U.S. adults with high cholesterol are not treated for this disorder (81). Health care system approaches to enhancing risk assessment, screening, and treatment for high cholesterol could help.

Coronary Heart Disease

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. In 2015, approximately 633,000 persons died because of heart disease in the United States; approximately 365,000 of these deaths were attributed to coronary heart disease (1). The median age-adjusted prevalence of coronary heart disease among adults aged ≥45 years was approximately 10% among states and territories in the 2015 BRFSS, and there were notable disparities by geographic region. Adults in the southern United States had a higher prevalence of coronary heart disease compared with adults in other parts of the United States. The highest prevalence was in West Virginia, where 16.8% of adults aged ≥45 years reported a history of coronary heart disease. Adults residing in the southern United States are also more likely to die from heart disease, compared with adults in other parts of the country (82). During 2012–2013, heart disease cost the U.S. economy approximately $199.6 billion annually. In addition, health costs of coronary heart disease specifically are predicted to double during 2013–2030 (83). Medical risk factors for coronary heart disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity (84,85). Engaging in regular physical activity, eating a healthy diet (e.g., high in fruits and vegetables, low in red meats, and low in added sugars) and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption might reduce the risk for coronary heart disease (85,86).

Stroke

Stroke was the fourth most frequent cause of death among adults aged ≥45 years in 2015 (1). Stroke is also a leading cause of disability (87). The direct and indirect costs of stroke cost the U.S. economy approximately $34 billion each year (83). In 2015, approximately 5% of U.S. adults aged ≥45 years reported having a history of stroke (median age-adjusted prevalence at the state level). Stroke prevalence is higher among older adults, blacks, American Indians/Alaska natives, and those without a high school diploma (87). Risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity (88,89).

Limitations

The findings in this report are subject to at least five limitations. First, these findings might not be generalizable to the U.S. population because the BRFSS survey design excludes persons who reside in military installations, correctional institutions, long-term care facilities, and nursing homes. Adults without telephone access are also excluded from the BRFSS. An estimated 2.4% of the U.S. population and approximately 5.7% of Puerto Rico’s population did not have telephone access in 2015 (6).

Second, prevalence estimates from the BRFSS are based on self-reporting, which is likely to be less accurate than physical measurements (4). For example, survey respondents underreport their weight (90), recent alcohol intake (91), and tobacco use (92), and they overreport physical activity (93). These tendencies might be related to concerns about social desirability (4,94). Alternatively, respondents might have trouble recalling their past health behaviors or receipt of health care services, or they might not be aware of their underlying health conditions (e.g., high blood pressure) (4).

Third, the prevalence of chronic diseases might be underestimated in the BRFSS. BRFSS prevalence estimates are estimates of diagnosed disease. Multiple chronic diseases remain undiagnosed for long periods of time, so the actual prevalence of these conditions might be higher than what is captured in BRFSS.

Fourth, although BRFSS surveys are conducted in several languages other than English (i.e., Spanish, Mandarin, and Portuguese), the survey does not apply to persons who exclusively speak languages not represented in the BRFSS. Finally, because of small sample sizes or unstable estimates, the prevalence of certain conditions (e.g., stroke) could not be estimated for particular MMSAs.

The BRFSS data set has various strengths. BRFSS data have been shown to be valid and reliable for certain indicators (4). With certain exceptions, many prevalence estimates from the BRFSS are comparable to those of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and National Health Interview Survey, which are conducted using face-to-face interviews (9597). However, obesity prevalence estimates in BRFSS (which are based on self-reported height and weight) are approximately 4%–10% lower than obesity prevalence estimates in NHANES (which are based on measured height and weight) (95,98). In addition, the estimated prevalence of U.S. adults who are physically active was 15%–18% higher in the 2005 BRFSS than in the 2005 National Health Interview Survey or 2005–2006 NHANES (99).

Questions on the BRFSS are cognitively tested to optimize the validity of survey response (6). Likewise, BRFSS interviewers are thoroughly trained, and their performance regularly evaluated, to ensure interview quality (6).

BRFSS is the largest continuously conducted, health-based telephone survey in the world (3) with approximately 440,000 interviews conducted in 2015. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam collected data via both landline and cell phones in 2015 (6). The telephone-based approach of BRFSS is cost-effective (3). BRFSS data are used in numerous capacities at the state and local level, including surveillance, needs assessments, and program evaluations (3).

Conclusion

This report highlights the estimated prevalence of selected chronic diseases, health-risk behaviors, and health care access and use among adults residing in the United States in 2015. The chronic conditions in this report are leading causes of U.S. morbidity and mortality. However, many of these conditions can be effectively managed or prevented through lifestyle modifications (e.g., avoiding tobacco use) and use of preventive health care services (e.g., blood pressure screening). Since 1984, BRFSS has been a unique source of data on chronic diseases and their risk factors. States and municipalities use BRFSS data to monitor health conditions and behaviors over time, design public health initiatives, conduct public health needs assessments, and evaluate the impact of public health programs and policies.

Acknowledgments

States and territories BRFSS coordinators; Population Health Surveillance Branch, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC; A contributor to previous versions of the report is David Flegel, Population Health Surveillance Branch, Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC and Northrop Grumman Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia.

Conflict of Interest: No conflicts of interest were reported.

References


Articles from MMWR Surveillance Summaries are provided here courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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