Table 3. Characteristics of COPD patients and hospital care variables according to whether serum AAT levels were determined to detect cases of AATD (logistic regression bivariate analysis).
| All patients (n = 4.408) |
COPD patients with serum AAT levels tested (n = 995) |
COPD patients without serum AAT levels tested (n = 3,413) |
OR (95%CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male), (%) | 85.7 | 79 | 87.6 | 0.47 (0.38-.58) | <0.001 |
| Age (years), m (SD) | 69.66 (9.77) | 65.55 (9.82) | 70.86 (9.42) | 0.94 (0.93–0.95) | <0.001 |
| Patients ≤55 (%) | 8.6 | 15.87 | 6.50 | 3.16 (2.47–4.04) | <0.001 |
| Smoking pack-year, m (SD) | 55.9 (33.74) | 54.10 (32.06) | 56.46 (34.19) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.043 |
| Active smokers, (%) | 23.3 | 25 | 22.8 | 1.30 (1.08–1.55) | 0.004 |
| BMI kg/m2, m (SD) | 28.03 (5.45) | 27.07 (5.37) | 28.31 (5.45) | 0.94 (0.92–0.95) | <0.001 |
| ≤21 (%) | 7.1 | 11.1 | 6.9 | 2.21 (1.68–2.91) | <0.001 |
| Charlson index≥3, (%) | 45.2 | 37.8 | 47.4 | 0.57 (0.49–0.67) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea (mMRC) | |||||
| 0–1, (%) | 27 | 31.2 | 25.7 | Reference | |
| ≥2, (%) | 41.1 | 43.5 | 40.4 | 0.88 (0.73–1.07) | 0.797 |
| Missing, (%) | 13.4 | 10.6 | 14.2 | 0.43 (0.32–0.58) | <0.001 |
| Level of dyspnea not referred to, (%) | 18.3 | 14.5 | 19.5 | 0.50 (0.38–0.66) | <0.001 |
| Chronic bronchitis, (%) | 41.4 | 38 | 42.4 | 0.85 (0.72–1.00) | 0.056 |
| History of asthma, or symptoms suggestive of asthma,(%) | 26.5 | 33.5 | 24.5 | 1.55 (1.29–1.86) | <0.001 |
| Emphysema phenotype, (%) | 18.7 | 20.8 | 17.8 | 1.27 (0.97–1.66) | 0.079 |
| %predicted post-BD FEV1, m (SD) | 50.96 (17.7) | 48.54(18.3) | 51.66 (17.4) | 0.99 (0.98–1) | <0.001 |
| <50% | 49 | 55.1 | 47.3 | 1.33 (1.14–1.56) | <0.001 |
| COPD Phenotype | |||||
| Non-exacerbator, (%) | 26.7 | 35.7 | 24 | Reference | |
| Exacerbator, (%) | 18.6 | 21.8 | 17.7 | 0.84 (0.67–1.04) | 0.119 |
| Missing, (%) | 54.6 | 42.4 | 58.1 | 0.45 (0.37–0.55) | <0.001 |
| Number of hospital admissions in the last year≥1, (%) | 23.3 | 22 | 23.7 | 0.91 (0.75–1.10) | 0.367 |
| Chronic colonization, (%) | 6 | 5.9 | 6 | 1.15 (0.83–1.60) | 0.381 |
| Triple or quadruple inhaled therapy, (%) | 66.9 | 61 | 65.7 | 1.18 (1.00–1.39) | 0.039 |
| Long-term oxygen therapy, (%) | 26.6 | 27.7 | 26.2 | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) | 0.544 |
| Home ventilation, (%) | 7.5 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 0.69 (0.50–0.96) | 0.027 |
| Type of respiratory outpatient clinic: | <0.001 | ||||
|
general clinic, (%) specialized COPD clinic, (%) |
47.4 | 38.6 | 49.9 | 1 | |
| 52.6 | 61.4 | 50.1 | 2.94 (2.26–3.83) | ||
| Respiratory care follow-up (years), median (IQR) | 4(2–7) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–7) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.382 |
Non-exacerbator: patients with 0 or 1 exacerbation in the previous year; Exacerbator: patients who experienced at least two exacerbations in the previous year; Dyspnea not quantified: level of dyspnea not referred to. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; %predicted post-BD FEV1, percent predicted post-bronchodilator FEV1; GesEPOC: Spanish National Guidelines for COPD. IQR: interquartilerange.