Figure 2.

Schematic representation of different AFM strategies used to probe ligand binding specificities of adhesins. (A) A single C. glabrata cell can be put on the AFM cantilever to probe a certain surface, which can be made of any (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) material or coated with specific biotic substrates, such as bacterial cells or other fungal cells or even other cell types (e.g., human cell lines). (B) The cell surface of a single C. glabrata cell can be probed in three dimensions using an AFM cantilever tip to which any substrate or other single cell can be attached (Figure based on [60]). Because of all these possibilities to adapt the system, AFM is very attractive to be used in adhesion research.