Table 2.
Number of people with prescriptions of different pain medications in a group of 7936 older people (3609 women and 4327 men) with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and a referent cohort from the general population (gPop), one-to-one matched by sex and year of birth, stratified by pain diagnosis.
| Type of Medication | gPop | ID | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | Men | Total | Women | Men | Total | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Headaches | ||||||
| COX(1+2) inhibitors | 75 (71) | 45 (63) | 120 (68) | 38 (72) | 19 (45) | 57 (60) |
| COX2 inhibitors | 14 (13) | 8 (11) | 22 (12) | 4 (8) | 1 (2) | 5 (5) |
| Paracetamol | 62 (58) | 45 (63) | 107 (60) | 44 (83) | 25 (60) | 69 (73) |
| Strong opioids | 21 (20) | 13 (18) | 34 (19) | 12 (23) | 10 (24) | 22 (23) |
| Weak opioids | 58 (55) | 45 (63) | 103 (58) | 26 (49) | 22 (52) | 48 (51) |
| Drugs for migraine | 16 (15) | 2 (3) | 18 (10) | 4 (8) | 0 (0) | 4 (4) |
| Antiepileptics | 16 (15) | 6 (8) | 22 (12) | 12 (23) | 10 (24) | 22 (23) |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 21 (20) | 7 (10) | 28 (16) | 4 (8) | 3 (7) | 7 (7) |
| SNRI (Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) | 12 (11) | 3 (4) | 15 (8) | 5 (9) | 1 (2) | 6 (6) |
| Musculoskeletal Pain | ||||||
| COX(1+2) inhibitors | 694 (80) | 637 (76) | 1331 (78) | 350 (65) | 295 (61) | 645 (63) |
| COX2 inhibitors | 128 (15) | 90 (11) | 218 (13) | 26 (5) | 13 (3) | 39 (4) |
| Paracetamol | 664 (76) | 536 (64) | 1200 (70) | 460 (86) | 382 (80) | 842 (83) |
| Strong opioids | 248 (29) | 211 (25) | 459 (27) | 187 (35) | 120 (25) | 307 (30) |
| Weak opioids | 548 (63) | 482 (58) | 1030 (60) | 284 (53) | 216 (45) | 500 (49) |
| Drugs for migraine | 47 (5) | 14 (2) | 61 (4) | 12 (2) | 0 (0) | 12 (1) |
| Antiepileptics | 100 (12) | 59 (7) | 159 (9) | 60 (11) | 62 (13) | 122 (12) |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 99 (11) | 39 (5) | 138 (8) | 25 (5) | 13 (3) | 38 (4) |
| SNRI | 61 (7) | 24 (3) | 85 (5) | 31 (6) | 18 (4) | 49 (5) |
| Pain Related to the Circulatory and Respiratory Systems | ||||||
| COX(1+2) inhibitors | 263 (69) | 250 (66) | 513 (67) | 108 (52) | 113 (45) | 221 (48) |
| COX2 inhibitors | 38 (10) | 29 (8) | 67 (9) | 4 (2) | 7 (3) | 11 (2) |
| Paracetamol | 229 (60) | 210 (55) | 439 (58) | 152 (74) | 165 (66) | 317 (69) |
| Strong opioids | 76 (20) | 66 (17) | 142 (19) | 47 (23) | 45 (18) | 92 (20) |
| Weak opioids | 207 (54) | 186 (49) | 393 (52) | 93 (45) | 83 (33) | 176 (39) |
| Drugs for migraine | 13 (3) | 7 (2) | 20 (3) | 5 (2) | 1 (0) | 6 (1) |
| Antiepileptics | 42 (11) | 31 (8) | 73 (10) | 32 (16) | 24 (10) | 56 (12) |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 45 (12) | 24 (6) | 69 (9) | 13 (6) | 10 (4) | 23 (5) |
| SNRI | 23 (6) | 14 (4) | 37 (5) | 13 (6) | 13 (5) | 26 (6) |
| Visceral Pain | ||||||
| COX(1+2) inhibitors | 314 (74) | 182 (62) | 496 (69) | 213 (52) | 178 (39) | 391 (45) |
| COX2 inhibitors | 47 (11) | 18 (6) | 65 (9) | 8 (2) | 7 (2) | 15 (2) |
| Paracetamol | 254 (60) | 154 (53) | 408 (57) | 319 (78) | 321 (71) | 640 (74) |
| Strong opioids | 93 (22) | 60 (21) | 153 (21) | 104 (26) | 84 (19) | 188 (22) |
| Weak opioids | 177 (42) | 99 (34) | 276 (39) | 129 (32) | 95 (21) | 224 (26) |
| Drugs for migraine | 20 (5) | 5 (2) | 25 (4) | 10 (2) | 0 (0) | 10 (1) |
| Antiepileptics | 55 (13) | 23 (8) | 78 (11) | 57 (14) | 52 (11) | 109 (13) |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 57 (14) | 14 (5) | 71 (10) | 20 (5) | 15 (3) | 35 (4) |
| SNRI | 43 (10) | 16 (5) | 59 (8) | 24 (6) | 18 (4) | 42 (5) |
| Pain Related to the Urinary System | ||||||
| COX(1+2) inhibitors | 18 (55) | 54 (61) | 72 (59) | 27 (44) | 61 (33) | 88 (36) |
| COX2 inhibitors | 5 (15) | 2 (2) | 7 (6) | 5 (8) | 3 (2) | 8 (3) |
| Paracetamol | 31 (94) | 49 (55) | 80 (66) | 54 (87) | 129 (70) | 183 (74) |
| Strong opioids | 16 (48) | 21 (24) | 37 (30) | 21 (34) | 53 (29) | 74 (30) |
| Weak opioids | 17 (52) | 37 (42) | 54 (44) | 22 (35) | 42 (23) | 64 (26) |
| Drugs for migraine | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) |
| Antiepileptics | 10 (30) | 11 (12) | 21 (17) | 4 (6) | 20 (11) | 24 (10) |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 5 (15) | 9 (10) | 14 (11) | 5 (8) | 8 (4) | 13 (5) |
| SNRI | 3 (9) | 6 (7) | 9 (7) | 2 (3) | 9 (5) | 11 (4) |