Table 2.

Examples of commercially available POC devices for cancer detection. (Adapted from Sharma et al., 2015 [52]).

Associated Cancer	Cancer Biomarker	POC Device	Clinical Capabilities	Test Duration	Sample	Company
Prostate	PSA	PSA Semi-quantitative rapid test	4 ng/mL	15 min	WB, S or P	CTK Biotech
Bladder	Nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP 22)	Alere NMP22® BLADDERCHEK®	99% Sensitivity when combined with cystoscopy	30 min	Urine	Abbott (formerly Alere)
Colorectal	Fecal occult blood	FOB Rapid Test CE	hHB ≥ 50 ng/mL >98% specificity for hHB	5–10 min	Stool	CTK Biotech
Cervical	OncoE6	OncoE6™ Cervical Test	Sensitivity 84.6% Specificity 98.5%	2.5 h	Cervical swab	Arbor Vita
HPV causing head and neck cancer	OncoE6	OncoE6™ Oral Test	Still at testing stage	-	Oral swab	Arbor Vita
Liver	AFP	Medical IVD rapid diagnostic test kits AFP Test kit	Sensitivity 25 ng/mL Specificity 99%	10 min	WB, S or P	INVBIO (Innovation Biotech)
Colorectal, breast, lung,	CEA	CEA Serum Rapid Test	5 ng/mLSensitivity 97%, specificity 100%	10 min	S or P	Cortez Diagnostics Inc.

Abbreviations: Alphafeto protein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), whole blood (WB), serum (S), plasma (P), human hemoglobin (hHB).