Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Health Place. 2017 Oct 5;48:72–79. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.09.006

Table 2.

Linear regression of PM 2.5 on K6 Psychological Distress

Dependent variable: Psychological Distress - Continuous (0 – 24)
Bivariate
(1)		 Demographics
(2)		 Health Behaviors/Diagnoses
(3)		 Neighborhood Poverty
(4)
PM 2.5 (5ug/m3) 0.457***
(0.351, 0.564)		 0.180***
(0.073, 0.288)		 0.192***
(0.087, 0.298)		 0.185***
(0.079, 0.290)
Age 0.019
(−0.005, 0.043)		 −0.015
(−0.039, 0.009)		 −0.015
(−0.038, 0.009)
Age Squared −0.0004***
(−0.001, −0.0002)		 0.0002*
(−0.0005, 0.00004)		 0.0002*
(−0.0005, 0.00004)
Coupled −0.451***
(−0.613, −0.289)		 −0.356***
(−0.517, −0.196)		 −0.356***
(−0.517, −0.196)
Years of Education −0.171***
(−0.201, −0.140)		 −0.125***
(−0.156, −0.094)		 −0.124***
(−0.155, −0.093)
Homeowner −0.518***
(−0.675, −0.361)		 −0.376***
(−0.530, −0.222)		 −0.365***
(−0.521, −0.210)
Black −0.216**
(−0.383, −0.049)		 −0.287***
(−0.456, −0.118)		 −0.325***
(−0.508, −0.143)
Latino/a −0.571***
(−0.926, −0.216)		 −0.447**
(−0.796, −0.099)		 −0.471***
(−0.821, −0.121)
Female 0.355***
(0.230, 0.481)		 0.415***
(0.287, 0.543)		 0.410***
(0.282, 0.538)
Employed −1.685***
(−1.875, −1.495)		 −1.435***
(−1.638, −1.268)		 −1.448***
(−1.632, −1.263)
Student −0.563*
(−1.174, 0.047)		 −0.448
(−1.051, −0.155)		 −0.449
(−1.051, 0.153)
Retired −1.010***
(−1.315, −0.706)		 −1.056***
(−1.353, −0.758)		 −1.051***
(−1.348, −0.753)
Family Size −0.013
(−0.065, 0.039)		 −0.012
(−0.063, 0.040)		 −0.013
(−0.064, 0.038)
Family income ($1,000s) −0.002***
(−0.003, −0.001)		 −0.002***
(−0.003, −0.001)		 −0.002***
(−0.002, −0.001)
Active (Moderate) −0.207***
(−0.355, −0.060)		 −0.207***
(−0.355, −0.060)
Active (High) −0.161**
(−0.319, −0.004)		 −0.163**
(−0.320, −0.005)
Quit Smoking 0.181**
(0.040, 0.321)		 0.180**
(0.039, 0.320)
Smoker 0.914***
(0.745, 1.083)		 0.909***
(0.740, 1.078)
Drinker (Low) 0.111
(−0.040, 0.262)		 0.119
(−0.033, 0.271)
Drinker (Moderate) 0.070
(−0.090, 0.229)		 0.075
(−0.085, 0.234)
Drinker (High) 0.367**
(0.032, 0.703)		 0.367**
(0.032, 0.702)
BMI 0.020***
(0.009, 0.031)		 0.020***
(0.009, 0.031)
Asthma 0.535***
(0.329, 0.740)		 0.535***
(0.329, 0.740)
Heart Attack 0.300
(−0.107, 0.707)		 0.296
(−0.111, 0.703)
Heart Disease 0.748***
(0.467, 1.029)		 0.749***
(0.468, 1.029)
Hypertension 0.573***
(0.417, 0.730)		 0.570***
(0.414, 0.726)
Lung Disease 0.769***
(0.509, 1.029)		 0.768***
(0.508, 1.028)
Diabetes 0.619***
(0.378, 0.859)		 0.617***
(0.377, 0.858)
Neighborhood Poverty Rate 2.512***
(2.270, 2.755)		 0.402
(−0.204, 1.009)
Constant 7.268***
(6.567, 7.970)		 6.045***
(5.293, 6.797)		 5.980***
(5.221, 6.739)
Observations 17,974 17,974 17,974 17,974
R2 0.004 0.081 0.113 0.113
Adjusted R2 0.004 0.08 0.112 0.112
Residual Std. Error 4.119 3.958 3.89 3.89
F Statistic 76.042*** 113.037*** 81.565*** 78.824***

Note:

*

p<0.1;

**

p<0.05;

***

p<0.01