Table 3.
Race and gender stratified linear regressions of PM 2.5 on K6
|
Dependent variable: Psychological Distress - Continuous (0 – 24)
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White Males (1) |
White Females (2) |
Black Males (3) |
Black Females (4) |
Latino Males (5) |
Latina Females (6) |
|
| PM 2.5 (5ug/m3) | 0.001 (−0.007, 0.008) |
0.009** (0.001, 0.018) |
0.017* (−0.002, 0.036) |
0.002 (−0.013, 0.017) |
0.002 (−0.019, 0.023) |
−0.009 (−0.045, 0.028) |
| Age | 0.001 (−0.002, 0.003) |
0.004*** (0.003, 0.006) |
0.003 (−0.001, 0.007) |
0.00004 (−0.003, 0.003) |
−0.002 (−0.015, 0.011) |
0.009** (0.001, 0.018) |
| Age Squared | −0.00001 (−0.00003, 0.00002) |
−0.0001*** (−0.0001, 0.00004) |
−0.00004 (−0.0001, 0.00001) |
−0.00001 (−0.00004, 0.00003) |
0.00002 (−0.0001, 0.0002) |
−0.0001*** (−0.0002, −0.00004) |
| Coupled | 0.006 (−0.009, 0.022) |
−0.018*** (−0.031, −0.005) |
0.014 (−0.015, 0.043) |
−0.016 (−0.036, 0.003) |
−0.023 (−0.082, 0.036) |
0.006 (−0.060, 0.071) |
| Years of Education | −0.003** (−0.006, −0.001) |
−0.005*** (−0.008, −0.002) |
−0.004* (−0.009, 0.001) |
−0.002 (−0.007, 0.002) |
−0.003 (−0.012, 0.005) |
−0.005 (−0.017, 0.008) |
| Homeowner | 0.006 (−0.022, 0.009) |
−0.010 (−0.023, 0.003) |
−0.001 (−0.024, 0.022) |
−0.021** (−0.039, −0.004) |
0.027 (−0.026, 0.080) |
0.070* (−0.007, 0.147) |
| Employed | −0.076*** (−0.108, −0.044) |
−0.052*** (−0.068, −0.037) |
−0.060*** (−0.089, −0.030) |
−0.069*** (−0.089, −0.050) |
0.0001 (−0.034, 0.034) |
−0.056 (−0.132, 0.019) |
| Student | −0.039 (−0.129, 0.051) |
−0.031 (−0.076, 0.015) |
−0.027 (−0.127, 0.073) |
0.017 (−0.054, 0.089) |
0.031 (−0.029, 0.091) |
−0.075* (−0.156, 0.006) |
| Retired | −0.074*** (−0.111, −0.038) |
−0.031*** (−0.053, −0.009) |
0.004 (−0.063, 0.071) |
−0.056** (−0.102, −0.010) |
0.129 (−0.050, 0.308) |
−0.025 (−0.133, 0.082) |
| Family Size | −0.002 (−0.007, 0.003) |
−0.003 (−0.008, 0.001) |
0.001 (−0.008, 0.010) |
0.003 (−0.003, 0.009) |
−0.006 (−0.014, 0.003) |
−0.008 (−0.024, 0.008) |
| Family income ($1,000s) | −0.00003* (−0.0001, 0.00000) |
−0.00004 (−0.0001, 0.00002) |
−0.0002 (−0.0005, 0.0001) |
−0.0001 (−0.0004, 0.0003) |
0.001 (−0.0003, 0.002) |
−0.001 (−0.002, 0.0004) |
| Active (Moderate) | −0.012* (−0.024, 0.001) |
−0.010* (−0.022, 0.001) |
−0.005 (−0.031, 0.020) |
−0.019** (−0.037, −0.001) |
−0.009 (−0.062, 0.044) |
−0.014 (−0.073, 0.045) |
| Active (High) | −0.014** (−0.027, −0.0004) |
−0.004 (−0.016, 0.009) |
−0.019 (−0.043, 0.004) |
−0.019 (−0.039, 0.001) |
−0.020 (−0.077, 0.036) |
0.007 (−0.069, 0.084) |
| Quit Smoking | −0.010** (−0.019, −0.0003) |
0.00003 (−0.010, 0.010) |
−0.006 (−0.030, 0.018) |
0.017 (−0.004, 0.038) |
−0.006 (−0.046, 0.034) |
0.051 (−0.028, 0.129) |
| Smoker | 0.027*** (0.012, 0.043) |
0.019** (0.004, 0.034) |
0.010 (−0.013, 0.034) |
0.033*** (0.012, 0.054) |
0.015 (−0.030, 0.060) |
−0.047 (−0.111, 0.017) |
| Drinker (Low) | −0.002 (−0.016, 0.012) |
−0.008 (−0.020, 0.003) |
0.007 (−0.021, 0.034) |
0.008 (−0.012, 0.028) |
−0.049* (−0.104, 0.007) |
0.063 (−0.031, 0.157) |
| Drinker (Moderate) | −0.009 (−0.022, 0.003) |
−0.009 (−0.022, 0.004) |
0.017 (−0.007, 0.040) |
0.003 (−0.018, 0.024) |
−0.026 (−0.077, 0.024) |
−0.003 (−0.077, 0.071) |
| Drinker (High) | 0.008 (−0.020, 0.035) |
−0.002 (−0.038, 0.034) |
0.041 (−0.008, 0.090) |
−0.004 (−0.070, 0.062) |
−0.043* (−0.090, 0.005) |
−0.106* (−0.216, 0.004) |
| BMI | −0.001 (−0.002, 0.001) |
0.0001 (−0.001, 0.001) |
−0.0001 (−0.002, 0.002) |
0.001* (−0.00002, 0.002) |
−0.003 (−0.007, 0.001) |
0.001 (−0.005, 0.006) |
| Asthma | 0.014 (−0.008, 0.035) |
0.023** (0.005, 0.041) |
0.003 (−0.032, 0.038) |
0.007 (−0.018, 0.033) |
0.010 (−0.054, 0.073) |
0.023 (−0.094, 0.141) |
| Heart Attack | 0.036** (0.005, 0.067) |
0.011 (−0.032, 0.054) |
−0.023 (−0.085, 0.039) |
−0.003 (−0.065, 0.059) |
0.352 (−0.177, 0.880) |
0.028 (−0.171, 0.227) |
| Heart Disease | 0.002 (−0.018, 0.022) |
0.028** (0.004, 0.052) |
0.025 (−0.037, 0.087) |
0.040* (−0.001, 0.081) |
−0.085 (−0.243, 0.073) |
0.131 (−0.061, 0.324) |
| Hypertension | 0.013* (−0.00004, 0.026) |
0.019*** (0.006, 0.032) |
0.012 (−0.014, 0.039) |
0.021** (0.001, 0.040) |
0.034 (−0.037, 0.104) |
0.054 (−0.024, 0.132) |
| Lung Disease | −0.011 (−0.034, 0.011) |
0.039*** (0.015, 0.063) |
0.011 (−0.042, 0.064) |
0.044*** (0.011, 0.077) |
−0.026 (−0.063, 0.011) |
0.002 (−0.154, 0.158) |
| Diabetes | 0.023* (−0.004, 0.050) |
0.037*** (0.013, 0.061) |
0.030 (−0.010, 0.070) |
0.006 (−0.021, 0.033) |
0.001 (−0.089, 0.091) |
0.002 (−0.085, 0.089) |
| Neighborhood Poverty Rate | 0.055 (−0.011, 0.120) |
0.059** (0.002, 0.116) |
−0.100*** (−0.174, −0.025) |
−0.081*** (−0.142, −0.020) |
−0.090 (−0.238, 0.058) |
0.159 (−0.083, 0.401) |
| Constant | 0.147*** (0.074, 0.220) |
0.068** (0.006, 0.129) |
0.060 (−0.056, 0.175) |
0.110** (0.017, 0.203) |
0.222 (−0.084, 0.528) |
−0.040 (−0.292, 0.211) |
|
| ||||||
| Observations | 4,002 | 7,466 | 1,732 | 4,069 | 315 | 390 |
| R2 | 0.061 | 0.061 | 0.042 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.109 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.055 | 0.058 | 0.028 | 0.044 | 0.095 | 0.046 |
| Residual Std. Error | 0.148 | 0.195 | 0.194 | 0.237 | 0.159 | 0.248 |
| F Statistic | 9.934*** | 18.706*** | 2.888*** | 8.219*** | 2.274*** | 1.715** |
Note:
*
p<0.1;
**
p<0.05;
***
p<0.01