Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Circulating miRNA Levels of Subjects Who Did Not Develop T2DM (Non-T2DM) versus Subjects Who Developed T2DM (Incident-T2DM) after the Follow-up Period
| Variable |
Non-T2DM Group |
Incident-T2DM Group |
p Value |
miRNAs |
Non-T2DM Group |
Incident-T2DM Group |
p Value |
q- Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 355 | 107 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Age (years) | 57 ± 0.5 | 59 ± 0.9 | 0.171 | miR-103 | 103.9 ± 4.5 | 62.1 ± 4.8 | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 101.7 ± 0.6 | 105.3 ± 1.1 | 0.003* | miR-107 | 1.70 ± 0.09 | 1.65 ± 0.17 | 0.810 | 0.853 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 ± 0.2 | 31.4 ± 0.5 | 0.002* | miR-223 | 79.0 ± 3.5 | 56.7 ± 3.6 | 0.016 | 0.032* |
| TG (mg/dL) | 119.5 ± 3.2 | 132.6 ± 6.6 | 0.041* | miR-29a | 68.1 ± 2.1 | 54.8 ± 4.0 | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 160.6 ± 1.6 | 164.9 ± 3.4 | 0.288 | miR-28-3p | 185.9 ± 9.6 | 101.1 ± 8.8 | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| c-LDL (mg/dL) | 91.1 ± 1.3 | 93.4 ± 2.7 | 0.473 | miR-126 | 31.4 ± 1.6 | 18.8 ± 1.4 | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| c-HDL (mg/dL) | 44.6 ± 0.5 | 43.5 ± 1.0 | 0.290 | miR-145 | 5.10 ± 0.27 | 4.11 ± 0.43 | 0.013 | 0.021* |
| Apo A1 (mg/dL) | 133.1 ± 1.2 | 135.2 ± 2.3 | 0.283 | miR-150 | 0.69 ± 0.04 | 1.07 ± 0.09 | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| Apo B (mg/dL) | 71.8 ± 1.0 | 76.3 ± 1.8 | 0.035* | miR-15a | 2.70 ± 0.13 | 2.08 ± 0.28 | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.51 ± 0.19 | 2.88 ± 0.29 | 0.031* | miR-182 | 58.7 ± 2.7 | 59.1 ± 4.9 | 0.7670 | 0.7887 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 92.6 ± 0.5 | 96.2 ± 1.1 | 0.002* | miR-30a-5p | 25.6 ± 1.3 | 35.2 ± 2.5 | <0.001 | <0.001* |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8 ± 0.02 | 6.0 ± 0.03 | <0.001* | miR-320 | 23.2 ± 0.9 | 24.0 ± 1.4 | 0.434 | 0.419 |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 8.33 ± 0.31 | 10.51 ± 0.66 | 0.007* | miR-375 | 20.9 ± 0.9 | 15.4 ± 1.1 | 0.013 | 0.020* |
| HIRI | 1052 ± 37 | 1313 ± 90 | 0.002* | miR-7 | 6.38 ± 0.33 | 6.88 ± 0.58 | 0.398 | 0.425 |
| MISI (× 102) | 2.10 ± 0.11 | 1.89 ± 0.16 | 0.369 | miR-9 | 2.03 ± 0.15 | 0.93 ± 0.18 | <0.001 | 0.002* |
| DI | 1.01 ± 0.03 | 0.77 ± 0.04 | <0.001* | – | – | – | – | – |
| ISI | 4.30 ± 0.14 | 3.27 ± 0.18 | <0.001* | – | – | – | – | – |
| IGI | 1.14 ± 0.06 | 0.88 ± 0.07 | 0.025* | – | – | – | – | – |
| HOMA-IR | 2.58 ± 0.09 | 3.23 ± 0.22 | 0.002* | – | – | – | – | – |
Values expressed as mean ± SE. BMI, body mass index; c-HDL, high-density lipoprotein; c-LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; Apo A1, Apolipoprotein A1; Apo B, Apolipoprotein B; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HIRI, hepatic insulin resistance index; MISI, muscle insulin sensitivity index; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; IGI, insulinogenic index; DI, disposition index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. Variables were calculated using one-way ANOVA through SPSS (now PASW Statistic for Windows, version 21.0) (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). For data that did not fit the normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney U test was performed. *p < 0.05 in one-way ANOVA or after the false discovery rate (FDR) correction.