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. 2018 Jun 28;8:8956. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27405-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The pieces manufactured by each bird in each condition. (A) Scanned images of all pieces ripped by each bird after learning that ‘small’ or ‘large’ templates were rewarded, in the order in which they were produced. Example templates are provided on the left. Condition order was counterbalanced. Bird names (from L-R) top row: Emma, Joe, Stella, Azzuro (all adults); bottom row: Anton, D3R, D4R, Blue (all juveniles less than 2 years old), order as in Panel (B) Panel B: The mean area of pieces ripped by each bird after learning that ‘small’ or ‘large’ templates were rewarded. Circles denote the median values. Horizontal lines indicate the area of the small and large templates. Mann-Whitney U-tests: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.