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. 2018 Jun 22;9:1250. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01250

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Copyright © 2018 Gao, Zhang, Xue, Huang, Zhuang, Zhou, Zhang, Fu and Hao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Underweight individuals tend to have higher microbiome alpha diversity. Alpha diversity (mean ± standard deviation) was compared (A) among different BMI groups, (B) between females and males, and (C) among gender-specific BMI groups. Bacterial community richness was defined by the observed number of OTUs and alpha diversity was calculated using the Shannon index, Simpson index, and Inverse Simpson index. Paired t-tests were performed for alpha diversity measures. The P-value ranges are: ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001.