Table 1.

Aberrant expression of IL-38 in rheumatic autoimmune diseases.

Animal models/patient data	Diseases	Increase/decrease compared with controls	Reference
Serum levels of IL-38 in patients	SLE	Increase	(9)
IL-38 mRNA expression in spleen, thymus from mice models	SLE	Decrease	(8)
mRNA and protein levels of IL-38 in labial salivary from patients	pSS	Increase	(31)
Serum concentrations of IL-38 in patients	Psoriasis	Increase	(12)
IL-38 mRNA expression in skin from mice models	Psoriasis	Decrease	(10, 35)
IL-38 mRNA levels in synovial fluid from patients	RA	Increase	(10, 11)
IL-38 mRNA expression in joints from mice models	RA	Increase	(10, 11)
mRNA levels of IL-38 in colon from patients	CD	Increase	(10)
mRNA levels of IL-38 in colon from mice models	CD	Increase	(10)

SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; pSS, primary Sjögren’s syndrome; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; CD, Crohn’s disease.