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Schematic representation of interrelations between hormones, nutrients, neurotransmitters, and enteric nervous system. Abbreviations: SCFA, short chain fatty acids; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; PYY, peptide YY; IPAN, intrinsic primary afferent neurons; Ach, acetylcholine; NO, nitric oxide; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide; IGN, intestinal gluconeogenesis.
