Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects according to carotid intima-media thickness and subclinical atherosclerosis.
| Variables | Total | CIMT < 1 mm | Elevated CIMT (1 mm ≤ CIMT ≤ 1.5 mm) | Subclinical atherosclerosis | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 1009 (100) | 187 (18.5) | 147 (14.6) | 675 (66.9) | |
| Age, years | 61.7 ± 9.0 | 56.5 ± 8.4 | 59.6 ± 8.2 | 63.7 ± 8.6 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 276 (27.4) | 33 (17.6) | 29 (19.7) | 243 (36.0) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 161 (16.0) | 16 (8.6) | 18 (12.2) | 127 (18.8) | 0.002 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 207 (20.5) | 23 (12.3) | 32 (21.8) | 152 (22.5) | 0.008 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 578 (57.3) | 86 (46.0) | 72 (49.0) | 420 (62.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 229 (22.7) | 29 (15.5) | 24 (16.3) | 176 (26.1) | 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 586 (58.1) | 104 (55.6) | 87 (59.2) | 395 (58.1) | 0.743 |
| Plaque composition, n (%) | |||||
| Echolucent | 124 (12.3) | 124 (17.9) | |||
| Echogenic | 158 (15.7) | 158 (22.9) | |||
| Heterogeneous | 409 (40.5) | 409 (59.2) | |||
| Fundus arteriosclerosis, n (%) | |||||
| normal | 450 (44.6) | 100 (53.5) | 64 (43.5) | 286 (42.3) | <0.001 |
| mild | 275 (27.2) | 62 (33.2) | 35 (23.8) | 178 (26.4) | |
| moderate to severe | 284 (28.1) | 25 (13.3) | 48 (32.7) | 211 (31.3) | |
| Lack of exercise, n (%) | 474 (47.0) | 98 (52.4) | 71 (48.3) | 305 (45.2) | 0.203 |
| Body mass index, mg/m2 | 26.0 ± 3.7 | 26.0 ± 4.2 | 26.6 ± 3.9 | 25.9 ± 3.5 | 0.087 |
| WC, cm | 86.4 ± 9.7 | 85.2 ± 10.1 | 86.7 ± 9.8 | 86.6 ± 9.5 | 0.199 |
| SBP, mmHg | 126.2 ± 14.5 | 123.5 ± 14.2 | 125.3 ± 14.4 | 127.2 ± 14.5 | 0.005 |
| DBP, mmHg | 78.3 ± 7.9 | 77.6 ± 8.8 | 78.8 ± 7.5 | 78.4 ± 7.8 | 0.350 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.40 ± 1.49 | 5.26 ± 1.33 | 5.20 ± 1.17 | 5.49 ± 1.59 | 0.038 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.01 ± 0.91 | 6.12 ± 1.06 | 6.11 ± 0.96 | 5.95 ± 0.85 | 0.053 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.54 (1.10–2.13) | 1.56 (2.06–2.34) | 1.59 (1.14–2.19) | 1.60 (1.16–2.18) | 0.983 |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.33 ± 1.07 | 5.25 ± 1.05 | 5.24 ± 1.05 | 5.35 ± 1.08 | 0.627 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.30 ± 0.30 | 1.34 ± 0.30 | 1.28 ± 0.27 | 1.28 ± 0.30 | 0.075 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.07 ± 0.86 | 2.98 ± 0.83 | 3.11 ± 0.84 | 3.08 ± 0.87 | 0.311 |
| HCY, umol/L | 17.31 ± 5.97 | 16.68 ± 5.44 | 16.25 ± 3.84 | 17.73 ± 6.40 | 0.006 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or number (percentage). SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HCY, homocysteine; WC, waist circumference. P-values were from ANOVA or Chi-square test.