Figure 7.

GM-CSF-Producing ILCs in Synovial Fluid of RA Patients

(A) The presence of ILCs (defined as CD45⁺CD3⁻CD4⁻CD8⁻CD11b⁻CD11c⁻CD19⁻CD56⁻) from peripheral blood (PB) or synovial fluid (SF) of a patient with RA or OA (left). The percentages of ILCs in PB and SF from individual RA (n = 13) or OA (n = 6) patients. The lines indicate the sample pairs of the same patients (right).

(B) Total numbers of ILCs in 1 mL of SF from OA and RA patients (n = 6). Vertical bars indicate SD.

(C) Flow cytometry analysis of IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17, and GM-CSF expression by ILCs (gated as in A) in PB or SF of a RA patient (top). The percentages of cytokine-producing ILCs from individual RA patients (n = 11) (bottom).

(D) Gating strategies for GM-CSF⁺CD45⁺ lineage markers-negative (ILCs), GM-CSF⁺CD45⁺CD3⁻CD11b⁺ (myeloid cells), and GM-CSF⁺CD45⁺CD11b⁻CD3⁺ cells (T cells).

(E) Proportion of GM-CSF-producing cells (n = 3). Vertical bars indicate SD. Symbols represent individual samples. Horizontal bars indicate the means.

^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01.