Table 4.

Flavonoids with anti-amebic activity.

Flavonoids	Targets	Mechanism of actions	References
IN VITRO STUDIES
(–)-epicatechin	Nucleus	Alteration of DNA, increase in the number of glycogen deposits, reduction in the number and size of vacuoles and apoptosis induction	Soto et al., 2010
	Actin cytoskeleton and metabolic proteins (G/FBPA and GAPDH)	Alteration of migration, adhesion, phagocytosis due to modifications of alpha-actinin, myosin II heavy chain and actin proteins	Bolaños et al., 2014
Kaempferol	Inhibition of PFOR	Dysregulation of metabolism	Calzada et al., 2017b
	Actin cytoskeleton, and metabolic proteins (Aldehyde-alcohol deshydrogenase II, G/FBPA and GAPDH)	Alteration of migration, invasion and phagocytosis due to modification myosin II heavy chain and cortexillin II	Bolaños et al., 2015
Tiliroside	Inhibition of PFOR and G/FBPA	Dysregulation of glycolytic enzymes	Calzada et al., 2017a
IN VIVO STUDY
Resveratrol (Polyphenol)	Cell growth arrested, generation of oxidative stress, damage cell membrane lipids	Apoptosis and autophagy, decreased in vitro and in vivo liver damage	Pais-Morales et al., 2016