Figure 2.

Conceptual flowchart illustrating processes expected to influence the magnitude of genotype‐by‐environment interaction (G × E). Variation in these processes across traits or populations is expected to produce concomitant variation in the magnitude of G × E. Specifically, we review hypotheses that:

• 1
  Populations or trait plasticities with greater genetic variation will have greater magnitude of G × E, relative to populations or trait plasticities with less genetic variation
• 2
  More labile traits will show greater G × E than less‐labile traits
• 3
  Genetic variation in niche‐constructing traits will generate G × E when exposure to environments influence reaction norms
• 4
  Preference–performance correlations derive from and reinforce G × E
• 5 and 6
  G × E may be augmented or diminished when genotypes are studied in evolutionarily novel environments
• 7
  Variation in plasticity due to large‐effect loci will result in greater magnitude G × E than variation in plasticity due to small‐effect loci