Supplemental Figure S1.

Validation of the three-dimensional imaging of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its relationship to blood vessels by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. After immunolabeling with antibodies for cytokeratin 19, clearing, and imaging, the tissue was formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and sectioned for routine H&E staining. A: Three-dimensional imaging with a Zeiss LSM800 confocal laser scanning microscope of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its relationship to blood vessels. B: A 4-μm thick section of the same area, confirming the presence of malignant ducts in the interstitium around a blood vessel. Scale bars: 200 μm (A); 100 μm (B). Original magnification, ×5 (A).