Table 1.
Basic Characteristic of Participants (N = 843).
| Age (years) | 70.5 ± 6.9 |
| Gender (women), n (%) | 454 (53.8) |
| Living alone, n (%) | 110 (13.0) |
| Self-rated health (poor), n (%) | 169 (20.0) |
| Functional capacity (points)a | 11.5 ± 2.4 |
| Subjective well-being (points)b | 15.5 ± 5.5 |
| Employment (no), n (%) | 535 (63.4) |
| Subjective economic status (poor), n (%) | 220 (26.1) |
| Education (compulsory), n (%) | 171 (20.3) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 65 (7.7) |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 100 (11.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 101 (11.9) |
| Cancer, n (%) | 97 (11.5) |
| Ability to travel (unable by oneself), n (%) | 39 (4.6) |
a
Measured by the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence.
b
Measured by the Japanese version of the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5-J).