Figure 4.

Effects of gastrodin on nociceptive trigeminovascular activation. Time course changes in (a) ongoing spontaneous trigeminal neuronal firing and (b) the average response of intracranial dural-evoked Aδ-fiber trigeminal neurons to intravenous administration of saline and gastrodin (30 and 100 mg/kg). Only gastrodin (30 mg/kg) caused inhibition of ongoing spontaneous trigeminal neuronal firing, after 105–120 min. Gastrodin caused a dose-dependent inhibition of intracranial dural evoked Aδ-fiber trigeminal firing, after 75–90 min for 30 mg/kg and 5–10 min after 100 mg/kg. Saline had no effect on trigeminovascular neuronal firing. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with an average of the four baselines, using Student’s paired t test.