Table 1.
Isolates collected grouped by their absolute numbers and their source of isolation.
| Gram-positive bacteria | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | Audit 1 (n = 36) | Audit 2 (n = 1) | p-value | ||
| Total number | 36 | 2.96% | 1 | 0.08% | 0.0001 |
| Respiratory culture | 26 | 9.67% | 0 | 0.00% | 0.0001 |
| Blood cultures | 6 | 0.84% | 1 | 0.12% | 0.0538 |
| Fluid samples * | 4 | 3.57% | 0 | 0.00% | 0.0075 |
| Enterococcus faecium | Audit 1 (n = 38) | Audit 2 (n = 32) | p-value | ||
| Total number | 38 | 3.13% | 32 | 2.54% | 0.398 |
| Respiratory culture | 1 | 0.37% | 0 | 0.00% | 1 |
| Blood cultures | 10 | 1.40% | 4 | 0.48% | 0.0644 |
| Fluid samples * | 8 | 7.14% | 9 | 4.89% | 0.4472 |
| Faeces | 23 | 20.54% | 21 | 11.41% | 0.0426 |
| Gram-negative bacteria | |||||
| Escherichia coli | Audit 1 (n = 25) | Audit 2 (n = 9) | p-value | ||
| Total number | 25 | 2.06% | 9 | 0.71% | 0.0051 |
| Respiratory culture | 11 | 4.09% | 0 | 0.00% | 0.0213 |
| Blood cultures | 3 | 0.42% | 4 | 0.48% | 0.3642 |
| Fluid samples * | 11 | 9.82% | 5 | 2.72% | 0.0146 |
| Pseudomonas sp. | Audit 1 (n = 17) | Audit 2 (n = 2) | p-value | ||
| Total number | 17 | 1.40% | 2 | 0.16% | 0.001 |
| Respiratory culture | 17 | 6.32% | 0 | 0.00% | n.s. |
| Blood cultures | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | n.s. |
| Fluid samples * | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 1.09% | n.s. |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Audit 1 (n = 12) | Audit 2 (n = 1) | p-value | ||
| Total number | 12 | 0.99% | 1 | 0.08% | 0.001 |
| Respiratory culture | 10 | 3.72% | 0 | 0.00% | n.s. |
| Blood cultures | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | n.s. |
| Fluid samples * | 2 | 1.79% | 1 | 0.54% | n.s. |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | Audit 1 (n = 11) | Audit 2 (n = 0) | p-value | ||
| Total number | 11 | 0.91% | N/A | N/A | |
| Respiratory culture | 11 | 4.09% | N/A | N/A | n.s. |
| Blood cultures | 0 | 0.00% | N/A | N/A | n.s. |
| Fluid samples * | 0 | 0.00% | N/A | N/A | n.s. |
| Enterobacter cloacae | Audit 1 (n = 13) | Audit 2 (n = 2) | p-value | ||
| Total number | 10 | 0.82% | 2 | 0.16% | 0.001 |
| Respiratory culture | 7 | 2.60% | 0 | 0.00% | n.s. |
| Blood cultures | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 0.12% | n.s. |
| Fluid samples * | 3 | 2.68% | 1 | 0.54% | n.s. |
| Fungal pathogens | |||||
| Candida sp. | Audit 1 (n = 158) | Audit 2 (n = 19) | p-value | ||
| Total number | 158 | 13.00% | 19 | 1.51% | 0.0001 |
| Respiratory culture | 139 | 51.67% | 2 | 1.71% | 0.0001 |
| Blood cultures | 3 | 0.42% | 5 | 0.60% | 0.732 |
| Fluid samples * | 13 | 11.61% | 12 | 6.52% | 0.1365 |
| Aspergillus sp. | Audit 1 (n = 12) | Audit 2 (n = 12) | p-value | ||
| Total number | 12 | 0.99% | 12 | 0.95% | 1 |
| Respiratory culture | 12 | 4.46% | 12 | 10.26% | 0.0387 |
* Either pleural or abdominal drain samples. n.s = non significant.