| BMI | body mass index |
| CON | individuals without diabetes |
| EPIC | European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition |
| FFQ | food frequency questionnaire |
| FLI | fatty liver index |
| GGT | gamma glutamyl transferase |
| GDS | German Diabetes Study |
| M-value | whole-body glucose disposal |
| SES | socio-economic status |
| SSB | sugar-sweetened beverages |
| TEI | total daily energy intake |
| T2D | type 2 diabetes |