Table 3.
Logistic regression, showing the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the association between anxiety disorder and linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, DPA, DHA, PUFA, n-3, n-6 consumption, and n-6/n-3 ratio (ELSA-Brasil, 2018).
| Quantity (g) | Crude | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linoleic acid | |||||
| 1st quintile | 4.36–12.79 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 2nd quintile | 12.80–14.62 | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 1.07 (0.91–1.26) | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) | 1.13 (0.95–1.34) |
| 3rd quintile | 14.63–16.29 | 1.08 (0.93–1.27) | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | 1.05 (0.89–1.23) | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) |
| 4th quintile | 16.30–18.39 | 1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 1.12 (0.96–1.32) | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 1.09 (0.91–1.29) |
| 5th quintile | 18.40–37.94 | 1.06 (0.90–1.24) | 1.10 (0.94–1.30) | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) | 1.07 (0.89–1.27) |
| Arachidonic acid | |||||
| 1st quintile | 0.00–0.17 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 2nd quintile | 0.18–0.23 | 0.95 (0.81–1.10) | 0.95 (0.82–1.12) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) |
| 3rd quintile | 0.24–0.30 | 0.97 (0.83–1.13) | 1.00 (0.85–1.16) | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 1.01 (0.85–1.19) |
| 4th quintile | 0.31–0.40 | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 0.96 (0.81–1.12) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) |
| 5th quintile | 0.41–1.89 | 0.79 (0.68–0.93) | 0.83 (0.71–0.98) | 0.84 (0.71–0.99) | 0.85 (0.71–1.01) |
| Alpha-linolenic acid | |||||
| 1st quintile | 0.95–1.95 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 2nd quintile | 1.96–2.19 | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) |
| 3rd quintile | 2.20–2.42 | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) | 1.01 (0.86–1.20) |
| 4th quintile | 2.43–2.72 | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 0.89 (0.76–1.05) | 0.89 (0.75–1.05) | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) |
| 5th quintile | 2.73–5.49 | 0.92 (0.78–1.07) | 0.92 (0.79–1.08) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) |
| EPA | |||||
| 1st quintile | 0.00–0.06 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 2nd quintile | 0.07–0.11 | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 0.95 (0.81–1.10) | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.96 (0.81–1.13) |
| 3rd quintile | 0.12–0.17 | 0.94 (0.80–1.09) | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) |
| 4th quintile | 0.18–0.27 | 0.84 (0.72–0.97) | 0.90 (0.77–1.05) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 0.93 (0.78–1.10) |
| 5th quintile | 0.28–2.27 | 0.71 (0.61–0.83) | 0.77 (0.66–0.91) | 0.81 (0.68–0.95) | 0.82 (0.69–0.98) |
| DPA | |||||
| 1st quintile | 0.00–0.06 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 2nd quintile | 0.07–0.10 | 0.92 (0.79–1.06) | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 0.93 (0.80–1.09) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) |
| 3rd quintile | 0.11–0.15 | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.96 (0.82–1.14) |
| 4th quintile | 0.16–0.23 | 0.74 (0.64–0.87) | 0.78 (0.67–0.91) | 0.80 (0.68–0.94) | 0.82 (0.69–0.97) |
| 5th quintile | 0.24–1.84 | 0.72 (0.61–0.84) | 0.77 (0.65–0.90) | 0.80 (0.68–0.95) | 0.83 (0.69–0.98) |
| DHA | |||||
| 1st quintile | 0.00–0.20 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 2nd quintile | 0.21–0.37 | 0.89 (0.76–1.03) | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 0.94 (0.80–1.11) |
| 3rd quintile | 0.38–0.54 | 0.95 (0.82–1.10) | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 1.02 (0.87–1.20) |
| 4th quintile | 0.55–0.86 | 0.77 (0.66–0.90) | 0.83 (0.71–0.97) | 0.85 (0.72–1.00) | 0.87 (0.73–1.03) |
| 5th quintile | 0.87–7.13 | 0.71 (0.61–0.83) | 0.77 (0.66–0.91) | 0.81 (0.69–0.95) | 0.82 (0.69–0.98) |
| PUFA | |||||
| 1st quintile | 7.08–16.17 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 2nd quintile | 16.18–18.25 | 1.03 (0.88–1.20) | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 1.02 (0.87–1.20) | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) |
| 3rd quintile | 18.26–20.14 | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 1.00 (0.84–1.18) |
| 4th quintile | 20.15–22.29 | 1.03 (0.88–1.20) | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | 1.04 (0.88–1.22) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) |
| 5th quintile | 22.60–46.13 | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 0.96 (0.81–1.13) | 0.96 (0.81–1.43) |
| n-6/n-3 ratio | |||||
| 1st quintile | 0.54–4.00 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 2nd quintile | 4.01–4.80 | 1.12 (0.95–1.31) | 1.10 (0.93–1.29) | 1.89 (0.92–1.29) | 1.10 (0.92–1.31) |
| 3rd quintile | 4.81–5.45 | 1.24 (1.06–1.46) | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) | 1 17 (0.99–1.38) | 1.18 (0.99–1.41) |
| 4th quintile | 5.46–6.29 | 1.20 (1.03–1.41) | 1.16 (0.98–1.36) | 1.11 (0.94–1.31) | 1.13 (0.94–1.34) |
| 5th quintile | 6.30–13.98 | 1.33 (1.14–1.56) | 1.29 (1.10–1.52) | 1.23 (1.04–1.45) | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) |
| n-3 | |||||
| 1st quintile | 1.06–2.46 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 2nd quintile | 2.47–2.88 | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) |
| 3rd quintile | 2.89–3.32 | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) |
| 4th quintile | 3.33–4.00 | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) |
| 5th quintile | 4.01–13.14 | 0.75 (0.64–0.88) | 0.82 (0.70–0.97) | 0.85 (0.72–1.00) | 0.86 (0.72–1.02) |
| n-6 | |||||
| 1st quintile | 5.07–13.06 | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) | 1.0 (Reference) |
| 2nd quintile | 13.07–14.92 | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 1.06 (0.90–1.24) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 1.12 (0.95–1.33) |
| 3rd quintile | 14.93–16.59 | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | 1.06 (0.91–1.25) | 1.03 (0.88–1.22) | 1.07 (0.90–1.27) |
| 4th quintile | 16.60–18.72 | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) | 1.10 (0.92–1.30) |
| 5th quintile | 18.73–38.05 | 1.03 (0.88–1.21) | 1.07 (0.91–1.26) | 1.02 (0.87–1.21) | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) |
Note: Model 1: Adjustment for socio-demographic variables (age, gender, race and education). Model 2: Adjustment for sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity), and total calories. Model 3: Adjustment for sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, calories, quality of diet, and depression.