Table 2.
Dietary intakes of Canadians who consumed ≥50% of daily kcal during snack occasions compared to those who did not, by age group.
| Children (≥2 to <12 years, n = 4215) | Adolescents (≥12 to <19 years, n = 4649) | Adults (aged ≥ 19 years, n = 11538) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Units | <50% kcal/d from snacks * | ≥50% kcal/d from snacks † | Pr > F | <50% kcal/d from snacks * | ≥50% kcal/d from snacks † | Pr > F | <50% kcal/d from snacks * | ≥50% kcal/d from snacks † | Pr > F |
| Energy | Kcal | 1771 (12) | 1935 (55) | 0.005 | 2490 (24) | 2741 (95) | 0.008 | 2418 (19) | 2488 (64) | 0.258 |
| Protein | %Energy | 16.0 (0.1) | 12.8 (0.3) | <0.0001 | 14.4 (0.1) | 11.7 (0.4) | <0.0001 | 14.8 (0.1) | 12.6 (0.4) | <0.0001 |
| Fat | %Energy | 31.3 (0.2) | 33.6 (0.6) | 0.000 | 29.7 (0.2) | 28.2 (0.8) | 0.048 | 31.9 (0.2) | 35.2 (0.9) | 0.000 |
| Saturated Fat | %Energy | 10.9 (0.1) | 9.6 (0.4) | 0.004 | 10.5 (0.1) | 10.7 (0.4) | 0.677 | 10.3 (0.1) | 10.8 (0.4) | 0.237 |
| Carbohydrate | %Energy | 55.9 (0.3) | 60.1 (0.9) | <0.0001 | 53.7 (0.3) | 55.5 (1.0) | 0.059 | 48.5 (0.3) | 50.0 (0.9) | 0.122 |
| MUFA | %Energy | 11.3 (0.1) | 11.0 (0.4) | 0.418 | 12.2 (0.1) | 12.4 (0.3) | 0.465 | 12.7 (0.1) | 14.6 (0.5) | 0.001 |
| PUFA | %Energy | 4.6 (0.1) | 4.9 (0.2) | 0.183 | 5.2 (0.1) | 5.7 (0.3) | 0.054 | 5.7 (0.1) | 6.7 (0.3) | 0.000 |
| Fiber | g/1000 kcal | 7.4 (0.1) | 7.7 (0.4) | 0.290 | 6.7 (0.1) | 6.8 (0.2) | 0.677 | 8.9 (0.1) | 8.1 (0.4) | 0.023 |
| Alcohol | %Energy | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.258 | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.032 | 3.0 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.6) | 0.060 |
| Vitamin A | RE/1000 kcal | 319 (6) | 266 (14) | 0.000 | 280 (6) | 246 (24) | 0.181 | 370 (10) | 298 (16) | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin D | ug/1000 kcal | 3.3 (0.1) | 2.4 (0.2) | <0.0001 | 2.7 (0.1) | 2.0 (0.1) | <0.0001 | 3.0 (0.1) | 2.2 (0.2) | <0.0001 |
| Thiamin | mg/1000 kcal | 0.9 (0.0) | 0.7 (0.0) | <0.0001 | 0.9 (0.0) | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.000 | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.7 (0.0) | <0.0001 |
| Riboflavin | mg/1000 kcal | 1.1 (0.0) | 0.9 (0.0) | <0.0001 | 1.0 (0.0) | 0.8 (0.0) | <0.0001 | 1.0 (0.0) | 0.9 (0.0) | 0.003 |
| Niacin | NE/1000 kcal | 15.9 (0.2) | 13.7 (0.4) | <0.0001 | 16.6 (0.2) | 14.1 (0.5) | <0.0001 | 19.8 (0.2) | 16.0 (0.5) | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin B6 | mg/1000 kcal | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.155 | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | <0.0001 | 1.0 (0.0) | 0.8 (0.0) | <0.0001 |
| Folate | ug/1000 kcal | 94.7 (2.1) | 90.5 (6.8) | 0.529 | 90.7 (1.6) | 82.3 (4.3) | 0.047 | 120 (2) | 100 (5) | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin B12 | ug/1000 kcal | 1.9 (0.0) | 1.5 (0.2) | 0.053 | 1.8 (0.0) | 1.4 (0.1) | <0.0001 | 2.2 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.1) | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin C | mg/1000 kcal | 77.7 (2.8) | 77.6 (7.7) | 0.990 | 67.4 (2.1) | 54.9 (4.1) | 0.006 | 63.1 (1.1) | 58.1 (6.3) | 0.446 |
| Calcium | mg/1000 kcal | 552 (8) | 446 (19) | <0.0001 | 473 (7) | 413 (16) | 0.000 | 416 (4) | 373 (17) | 0.009 |
| Phosphorus | mg/1000 kcal | 669 (7) | 591 (17) | <0.0001 | 619 (6) | 565 (15) | 0.001 | 664 (5) | 575 (16) | <0.0001 |
| Potassium | mg/1000 kcal | 1404 (15) | 1305 (54) | 0.047 | 1308 (14) | 1164 (37) | 0.000 | 1583 (12) | 1359 (36) | <0.0001 |
| Sodium | mg/1000 kcal | 1434 (18) | 1319 (63) | 0.064 | 1466 (14) | 1365 (39) | 0.014 | 1544 (18) | 1405 (45) | 0.003 |
| Magnesium | mg/1000 kcal | 138 (2) | 133 (4) | 0.070 | 131 (1) | 124 (3) | 0.039 | 167 (1) | 153 (5) | 0.004 |
| Iron | mg/1000 kcal | 6.9 (0.1) | 6.5 (0.2) | 0.182 | 6.8 (0.1) | 6.0 (0.2) | <0.0001 | 7.0 (0.1) | 6.2 (0.2) | 0.000 |
| Zinc | mg/1000 kcal | 5.0 (0.1) | 4.1 (0.2) | 0.000 | 4.9 (0.1) | 4.2 (0.1) | <0.0001 | 5.6 (0.1) | 4.5 (0.1) | <0.0001 |
| Added Sugar | %Energy | 13.2 (0.4) | 17.5 (1.3) | 0.000 | 14.4 (0.3) | 16.9 (1.1) | 0.024 | 9.1 (0.2) | 13.5 (0.9) | <0.0001 |
| Glycemic Index | GI | 54.7 (0.2) | 55.7 (0.5) | 0.064 | 55.8 (0.2) | 56.1 (0.6) | 0.655 | 52.6 (0.2) | 53.4 (0.7) | 0.248 |
| Glycemic Load | GL | 136 (1) | 168 (7) | <0.0001 | 188 (2) | 215 (8) | 0.001 | 155 (2) | 171 (7) | 0.034 |
| Energy Density | kcal/g | 2.0 (0.0) | 2.1 (0.1) | 0.061 | 2.1 (0.0) | 2.3 (0.1) | 0.005 | 1.8 (0.0) | 2.3 (0.1) | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as mean (SEM), and adjusted for age, sex, dietary reporting status, and energy where indicated by the variable units. * did not consume ≥50% of daily calories at “snack” occasions. † consumed ≥50% of daily calories at “snack” occasions.