Fig. 5. Utilisation of human lipids for CAG biosynthesis in standard type H. pylori and in clinical strains from patients with gastric cancer. Standard type H. pylori (St; 26695) and clinical isolates (GC1–GC4) were cultured with AGS cells, and the amounts of CAGs containing different fatty acid chains were measured by UPLC-MS. (A) Ratio of human-lipid-containing CAGs to total CAGs. (B) Relative levels of CAGs containing different acyl chains. Human-lipid-containing CAGs are composed of CAG(16 : 0), CAG(18 : 0), CAG(18 : 1), CAG(18 : 2) and CAG(20 : 4). Total CAGs also include CAG(14 : 0) and CAG(19c : 0), which are predominant in H. pylori. (C) Relative levels of CPGs containing different fatty acid chains in H. pylori 26695 (St) and the clinical strains isolated from patients with gastric cancer (GC1–CG4). “Others” represents the total of minor CPGs, including CPG(18 : 0/19c : 0), CPG(19c : 0/19c : 0), CPG(18 : 0/18 : 0), CPG(16 : 0/18 : 1) and CPG(18 : 1/18 : 1). Data shown are from three biological replicates. Error bars represent the standard deviations. All statistically significant differences are indicated with asterisks; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, or ***P < 0.001 based on Student's t test.