Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 378 participants, according to use of vitamin K antagonists.
| Total Cohort (n = 378) | Use Vitamin K Antagonists | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 332) | Yes (n = 46) | |||
| Demographic measures | ||||
| Age, years | 82.32 ± 5.60 | 82.11 ± 5.79 | 83.81 ± 3.63 | 0.160 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 227 (60.1) | 202 (60.8) | 25 (54.3) | 0.399 |
| Clinical measures | ||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.99 ± 18.30 | 27.71 ± 19.49 | 29.91 ± 5.35 | <0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 100.12 ± 12.03 | 99.74 ± 12.09 | 102.61 ± 11.45 | 0.196 |
| IADL score, /4 | 1.94 ± 1.40 | 1.94 ± 1.44 | 1.91 ± 1.11 | 0.972 |
| Gait speed, cm/s | 71.56 ± 24.49 | 72.56 ± 24.53 | 65.11 ± 23.60 | 0.094 |
| Number of comorbidities | 3.58 ± 2.12 | 3.46 ± 2.03 | 4.51 ± 2.53 | 0.005 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 56 (14.8) | 19 (5.7) | 37 (80.4) | <0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 42 (11.1) | 30 (9.0) | 12 (26.1) | 0.001 |
| ARWMC score, /3 | 0.68 ± 0.98 | 0.68 ± 0.98 | 0.70 ± 1.01 | 0.904 |
| Carotid artery stenosis, n (%) | 23 (6.1) | 20 (6.0) | 3 (6.5) | 0.751 |
| MMSE score, /30 | 19.84 ± 4.76 | 19.82 ± 4.87 | 19.96 ± 3.90 | 0.778 |
| FAB score *, /18 | 11.78 ± 3.15 | 12.01 ± 3.01 | 10.29 ± 3.59 | 0.006 |
| Use of psychoactive drugs, n (%) | 223 (59.0) | 201 (61.7) | 22 (47.8) | 0.073 |
| Use of antidementia drugs, n (%) | 198 (52.4) | 172 (51.8) | 26 (56.5) | 0.548 |
| Serum measures | ||||
| Creatinine concentration, µmol/L | 86.03 ± 48.26 | 85.34 ± 50.60 | 91.12 ± 24.86 | 0.049 |
| Vitamin B12 concentration, ng/L | 449.13 ± 231.65 | 448.06 ± 236.81 | 457.18 ± 191.59 | 0.483 |
| Use of blood-thinning drugs | ||||
| Total, n (%) | 175 (46.3) | 129 (38.9) | 46 (100.0) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin K antagonists, n (%) | 46 (12.2) | - | - | - |
| Heparin, n (%) | 4 (1.1) | 4 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| Direct oral anticoagulants, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Antiplatelet medications, n (%) | 129 (34.1) | 126 (38.0) | 3 (6.5) | <0.001 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation when applicable. ARWMC: age-related white matter changes; FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery; IADL: instrumental activities of daily living; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; *: n = 253.