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. 2018 May 30;10(6):695. doi: 10.3390/nu10060695

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of pork-containing Western diets with added n-3 PUFAs to match the level of n-3 PUFAs in a Western diet containing fresh cod. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed Western diets containing either fresh cod or fresh pork as a protein source for 12 weeks. The two pork diets were supplemented with either TAG-bound (pork n-3 TAG) or PL-bound (pork n-3 PL) EPA+DHA at levels matching the content of the fresh cod-containing diet. As reference, a group of low fat (LF)-fed mice (n = 5) was included and is shown as a dotted line. (a) Body weight development was determined and is shown for the first 9 weeks of feeding. (b) Body weight was measured and (c) fat and (d) lean mass were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance after 9 weeks of feeding. (e) Epididymal white adipose tissues (eWAT), inguinal white adipose tissues (iWAT) and perirenal/retroperitoneal white adipose tissues (p/r WAT) were dissected out after 12 weeks of feeding and their masses were recorded. (f) Feed intake was recorded continuously, and cumulative energy intake (MJ) was determined and is shown for the first 9 weeks of feeding; (g) After 9 weeks of feeding, the amount of body mass gained per energy unit consumed and (h) fat mass gained per energy unit consumed were calculated; Apparent (i) fat and (j) nitrogen digestibilities (%) were calculated based on feed intake and feces collected during the 6th week of feeding; (k) After 12 weeks of feeding, livers were dissected out and weighed (l). Lipids were extracted from livers (n = 7) and total lipids, neutral lipids, triacylglycerol (TAG), polar lipids and cholesterol (CHOL) were quantified, and results are presents as mg lipids per liver (mg lipids/g liver × liver weight (g)). Data are presented as means ± SEMs (n = 14–15), except for the lipid class analysis (n = 7) and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD post hoc tests. Cumulative energy intake was analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD post hoc tests. Different letters denote statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05) between the groups.