Table 1.
Characteristics of the children (1–12 years old) per country and in the four countries combined.
| Indonesia | Malaysia | Thailand | Vietnam | All Four Countries | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 3163 | 3472 | 2943 | 2798 | 12,376 | |||||
| Population | 53,184,526 | 5,740,266 | 9,662,074 | 19,402,735 | 87,989,601 | |||||
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | |
| Age (years) | 6.6 | 0.1 | 7.1 | 0.1 | 7.2 | 0.1 | 7.4 | 0.1 | 7.1 | 0.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 19.4 | 0.2 | 25.5 | 0.4 | 24.3 | 0.3 | 22.1 | 0.2 | 22.9 | 0.1 |
| Height (cm) | 110.5 | 0.4 | 118.2 | 0.6 | 118.2 | 0.5 | 118.0 | 0.3 | 116.2 | 0.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 15.4 | 0.1 | 17.0 | 0.1 | 16.4 | 0.1 | 15.4 | 0.0 | 16.1 | 0.0 |
| HAZ | −1.44 | 0.03 | −0.55 | 0.03 | −0.52 | 0.02 | −0.88 | 0.02 | −0.84 | 0.01 |
| WAZ | −1.23 | 0.04 | −0.33 | 0.03 | −0.39 | 0.03 | −0.81 | 0.03 | −0.70 | 0.02 |
| BAZ | −0.47 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.03 | −0.10 | 0.03 | −0.54 | 0.03 | −0.23 | 0.02 |
| Hb (g/L) | 122 | 0 | 131 | 0 | 125 | 1 | 127 | 1 | 126 | 0 |
| Ferritin (μg/L) | 46.8 | 1.0 | 48.5 | 1.5 | 59.4 | 1.9 | 49.1 | 2.3 | 51.0 | 0.9 |
| Retinol (μmol/L) | 1.47 | 0.02 | 1.06 | 0.01 | 1.23 | 0.02 | 1.05 | 0.03 | 1.18 | 0.01 |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/L) | 53.1 | 0.9 | 52.7 | 1.0 | 59.5 | 1.1 | 55.9 | 1.7 | 55.7 | 0.7 |
BMI: body mass index; HAZ: height for age Z-score; WAZ: weight for age Z-score; BAZ: body mass index for age Z-score, Hb: Haemoglobin. Recommended values for Hb are >110 g/L for subjects <5 years, >115 g/L for subjects aged 5–11.9 years and >120 g/L for subjects aged ≥12 years. Recommended iron values are >12 µg/L for children aged <5 years and >15 µg/L for children aged ≥5 years. Recommended values for retinol is >70 µmol/L and for vitamin D >50 nmol/L.