FIGURE 3.

The flow chart of the Faster R-CNN to detect stem in deep images and the regional growth method for individual maize segmentation. Each training maize was compressed into deep images and fed into the Faster R-CNN to learn the ability of classifying and regressing the anchor (bounding box) of the stem in deep images. The testing sites were sliced row by row to generate deep images, which were tested to get the anchor of stem by the trained Faster R-CNN. The detected anchor was mapped to three dimensional points, which was used as seed points to grow an individual maize from bottom to up.