Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population, by province.
| Phnom Penh | Kratie | Ratanakiri | Overall | P 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1494 | 1533 | 1354 | 4381 | |
| Boys, n (%) | 786 (52.6) | 757 (49.4) | 670 (49.5) | 2213 (50.5) | NS |
| Age, mo (±SD) | 11.9 (±6.8) | 11.8 (±6.9) | 12.0 (±7.2) | 11.9 | NS |
| HAZ (±SD) | −0.64 (±1.41) a | −0.94 (±1.30) b | −1.31 (±1.31) c | −0.95 (±1.37) | <0.001 |
| Stunted (%) | 12.9 a | 18.1 b | 28.9 c | 19.7 | <0.001 |
| WAZ (±SD) | −0.80 (±1.14) a | −1.32 (±1.11) b | −1.37 (±1.12) b | −1.15 (±1.15) | <0.001 |
| Underweight (%) | 13.3 a | 26.4 b | 28.0 b | 22.4 | <0.001 |
| WHZ (±SD) | −0.61 (±1.12) a | −1.10 (±1.11) b | −0.84 (±1.08) c | −0.85 (±1.12) | <0.001 |
| Wasted (<−2), n (%) | 163 (10.9) a | 305 (19.8) b | 175 (12.9) a | 14.6 | <0.001 |
| SAM (<−3), n (%) | 30 (2.0) a | 63 (4.1) b | 17 (1.3) a | 110 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| N 2 | 1124 | 1151 | 992 | 3267 | |
| MUAC cm (±SD) | 14.3 (±1.2) a | 13.6 (±1.0) b | 13.5 (±1.2) b | 13.8 (±1.2) | <0.001 |
| <12.5 cm, n (%) | 47 (4.2) a | 146 (12.7) b | 136 (13.7) b | 10.1 | <0.001 |
| <11.5 cm, n (%) | 6 (0.5) a | 19 (1.7) b | 15 (1.5) a,b | 40 (1.2) | 0.033 |
| AM 3, n (%) | 183 (12.2) a | 360 (23.5) b | 233 (17.2) c | 776 (17.7) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations used: SD = standard deviation; HAX = height-for-age Z-score; WAZ = weight-for-age Z-score; WHZ = weight-for-height Z-score; MUAC = mid upper arm circumference; (S)AM = (severe) acute malnutrition. 1 P-Value for difference between provinces (ANOVA or chi-square). Rows with different superscript differ significantly from each other; 2 MUAC values are only for children older than six months of age; 3 AM was defined as either a WHZ < −2 Z score for all children and/or a MUAC < 12.5 cm for children above six months of age.