Table 2.
Multinomial regression: wasting by MUAC only, WHZ only and both MUAC and WHZ compared to the non-wasted children; by place of residence, socio-economic and physiological factors.
| WHZ only (MUAC ≥ 12.5 cm & WHZ < −2) a | Muac only (MUAC < 12.5 cm & WHZ ≥ −2) a | MUAC and WHZ (MUAC < 12.5 cm & WHZ < −2) a | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| N | % b | RRR (95% CI) c | RRR (95% CI) c | % b | RRR (95% CI) c | RRR (95% CI) c | % b | RRR (95% CI) c | RRR (95% CI) c | |
| Place of residence | ||||||||||
| Region | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.021 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | ||||
| Phnom Penh | 1002 | 8.1 | 1 | 1 | 1.7 | 1 | 1 | 2.6 | 1 | 1 |
| Kratie | 1079 | 14.7 | 2.18 (1.64–2.90) | 1.64 (1.2–2.24) | 4.7 | 3.34 (1.91-5.83) | 2.31 (1.27–4.20) | 7.4 | 3.42 (2.18–5.38) | 2.66 (1.64–4.32) |
| Ratanakiri | 983 | 8.3 | 1.16 (0.84–1.59) | 0.76 (0.53–1.09) | 5.7 | 3.76 (2.17–6.53) | 2.04 (1.11–3.74) | 7.7 | 3.34 (2.12–5.26) | 2.04 (1.24–3.36) |
| Socio-economic position | ||||||||||
| Wealth index | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.061 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.119 | ||||
| Poor | 1025 | 13.8 | 1 | 1 | 6.3 | 1 | 1 | 8.7 | 1 | 1 |
| Middle | 1122 | 11.5 | 0.74 (0.57–0.96) | 0.82 (0.62–1.09) | 3.4 | 0.47 (0.31–0.72) | 0.67 (0.43–1.04) | 4.9 | 0.50 (0.35–0.71) | 0.69 (0.48–1.00) |
| Rich | 917 | 5.7 | 0.33 (0.24–0.47) | 0.41 (0.28–0.59) | 2.3 | 0.29 (0.18––0.48) | 0.55 (0.31–0.96) | 4.1 | 0.39 (0.26–0.57) | 0.72 (0.46–1.13) |
| Mother education | P = 0.096 | P = 0.878 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.095 | P < 0.001 | P = 0.156 | ||||
| No formal schooling | 1025 | 11.3 | 1 | 1 | 6.5 | 1 | 1 | 8.7 | 1 | 1 |
| Primary | 1122 | 11.1 | 0.92 (0.68–1.23) | 0.92 (0.67–1.27) | 3.9 | 0.55 (0.36–0.83) | 0.73 (0.46–1.16) | 5.9 | 0.62 (0.44–0.89) | 0.8 (0.55–1.18) |
| Secondary + | 917 | 9.4 | 0.73 (0.54–0.99) | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) | 2.7 | 0.36 (0.22–0.57) | 0.56 (0.33–0.95) | 4.2 | 0.43 (0.29–0.63) | 0.65 (0.42–1.01) |
| Physiological factors | ||||||||||
| Gender | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | ||||
| Female | 1507 | 7.1 | 1 | 1 | 6.0 | 1 | 1 | 7.6 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 1557 | 13.8 | 1.93 (1.51–2.47) | 1.93 (1.50–2.48) | 2.1 | 0.35 (0.23–0.52) | 0.31 (0.20–0.47) | 4.4 | 0.57 (0.42–0.78) | 0.53 (0.39–0.73) |
| Age in months | 3064 | - | P < 0.001 | P = 0.007 | - | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | - | P = 0.496 | P = 0.016 |
| 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) | 0.88 (0.84–0.91) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) | |||||
| Stunting | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 2368 | 9.1 | 1 | 1 | 2.7 | 1 | 1 | 4.1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 696 | 15.2 | 2.19 (1.7–2.82) | 1.93 (1.48–2.53) | 8.6 | 4.18 (2.90–6.04) | 4.9 (3.28–7.32) | 12.1 | 3.82 (2.81–5.21) | 3.78 (2.72–5.26) |
a Vs. being a non wasted subject; b Prevalence proportion; c RRR = Relative Risk Ratio (95% CI).