Table 3.
Plasma levels of the intestinal metabolites by tertiles of estimated glomerular filtration rate.
| Tertiles of eGFR | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma Levels of Metabolites (µmol/L) | T1 <71 |
T2 71–86 |
T3 >87 |
p Value * |
| TMAO | 5.10 ± 8.08 | 3.45 ± 5.93 | 2.30 ± 5.83 | 0.02 |
| P-cresyl sulfate | 63.19 ± 38.26 | 40.44 ± 23.80 | 29.37 ± 178.11 | 0.0001 |
| Hippuric acid | 8.97 ± 10.86 | 5.47 ± 6.20 | 6.13 ± 8.26 | 0.024 |
| Indoxyl sulfate | 9.93 ± 7.0 | 5.72 ± 2.73 | 4.26 ± 2.08 | 0.0001 |
| P-cresyl glucuronide | 0.61 ± 1.33 | 0.27 ± 0.27 | 0.20 ± 0.23 | 0.002 |
| Phenyl acetyl glutamine | 4.79 ± 5.16 | 2.47 ± 1.76 | 1.93 ± 2.54 | 0.0001 |
| Phenyl sulfate | 7.10 ± 9.24 | 4.04 ± 5.54 | 3.07 ± 3.10 | 0.0001 |
* ANOVA; comparison across groups; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, calculated by the CKD-Epi equations) Post hoc Tukey’s b tests are presented in the Supplementary Material. TMAO = trimethylamine N-oxide