Table 3.
Effects of Omacor on leuprolide-induced changes in physiological and metabolic parameters.
| Variables | CL | CLOm | HL | HLOm | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diet + Leuprolide | Omacor | (Diet + Leuprolide) × Omacor | |||||
| Initial body weight (g) | 337 ± 1 | 342 ± 2 | 338 ± 1 | 339 ± 3 | 0.61 | 0.13 | 0.31 |
| Final body weight (g) | 417 ± 8 b | 319 ± 9 c | 539 ± 18 a | 536 ± 19 a | <0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Body weight gain 9–16 weeks (%) | 11.2 ± 1.1 c | −14.0 ± 1.4 d | 20.4 ± 0.9 a | 15.3 ± 1.5 b | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Water intake (mL/day) | 26.4 ± 2.6 b | 33.2 ± 2.6 a | 17.5 ± 1.7 c | 24.5 ± 1.1 b | 0.0001 | 0.002 | 0.96 |
| Food intake (g/day) | 36.1 ± 2.2 a | 38.3 ± 2.8 a | 24.3 ± 1.9 b | 26.1 ± 1.1 b | <0.0001 | 0.34 | 0.93 |
| Energy intake (kJ/day) | 401 ± 6 c | 487 ± 34 b | 507 ± 12 a,b | 560 ± 21 a | 0.0001 | 0.002 | 0.44 |
| Feed efficiency (g/kJ) | 0.20 ± 0.02 b | −0.03 ± 0.01 c | 0.40 ± 0.03 a | 0.35 ± 0.03 a | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0005 |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | 20.1 ± 0.2 b | 17.0 ± 0.2 c | 23.0 ± 0.4 a | 22.0 ± 0.4 a | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.002 |
| Basal blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.1 b | 3.5 ± 0.1 c | 5.4 ± 0.2 a | 4.5 ± 0.3 b | 0.0002 | <0.0001 | 0.31 |
| Area under the curve (mmol/L × minutes) | 781 ± 10 b | 599 ± 16 c | 844 ± 24 b | 933 ± 40 a | <0.0001 | 0.07 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.65 ± 0.05 b | 1.04 ± 0.03 d | 1.89 ± 0.11 a | 1.41 ± 0.07 c | 0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.37 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.60 ± 0.06 b | 0.27 ± 0.02 b | 1.98 ± 0.31 a | 0.33 ± 0.04 b | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0004 |
| NEFA (mmol/L) | 2.38 ± 0.19 b | 0.46 ± 0.03 c | 4.63 ± 0.43 a | 0.99 ± 0.18 c | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0016 |
| Whole-body lean mass (g) | 314 ± 8 a | 261 ± 10 b | 308 ± 9 a | 251 ± 13 b | 0.44 | <0.0001 | 0.85 |
| Whole-body fat mass (g) | 191 ± 8 b | 59 ± 8 c | 161 ± 15 b | 248 ± 27 a | <0.0001 | 0.18 | <0.0001 |
| Bone mineral content (g) | 0.173 ± 0.003 | 0.179 ± 0.003 | 0.177 ± 0.004 | 0.180 ± 0.001 | 0.40 | 0.14 | 0.62 |
| Bone mineral density (g/cm2) | 12.0 ± 0.2 b | 10.6 ± 0.5 b | 11.3 ± 0.5 b | 16.8 ± 0.9 a | <0.0001 | 0.001 | <0.0001 |
| Retroperitoneal fat (mg/mm) | 220 ± 18 b | 95 ± 14 c | 479 ± 54 a | 406 ± 50 a | <0.0001 | 0.015 | 0.50 |
| Epididymal fat (mg/mm) | 125 ± 11 b | 67 ± 7 c | 263 ± 26 a | 226 ± 26 a | <0.0001 | 0.02 | 0.59 |
| Omental fat (mg/mm) | 83 ± 6 c | 79 ± 10 c | 147 ± 13 b | 249 ± 20 a | <0.0001 | 0.0007 | 0.0003 |
Values are means ± SEM, n = 10–12. Mean values in a row with unlike superscript letters (a–d) are significantly different (p < 0.05). CL, leuprolide-treated rats fed corn starch diet; CLOm, leuprolide-treated rats fed corn starch diet supplemented with Omacor; HL, leuprolide-treated rats fed high-carbohydrate high-fat diet; HLOm, leuprolide-treated rats fed high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet supplemented with Omacor; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids.