Table 1.

Maternal and foetal complications of GDM.

Maternal Complications	Foetal Complications
Short term:	Short term:
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy	Large for gestational age/macrosomia
Failure to progress in labour	Perinatal death
Caesarean section	Shoulder dystocia and related birth injuries
Instrumental delivery	Neonatal hypoglycaemia
Pre-term delivery	Increased admission to NICU
Preeclampsia	Hyperbilirubinaemia
Long term:	Long term:
Recurrent GDM in subsequent pregnancies	Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes	GDM (females only)
Cardiovascular disease	Obesity