Table 3.

Secondary metabolites conjugated with NPs.

NP	Source	Compound(s) Trapped/Conjugated	Reference
Ag	Withania somnifera leaf extract	Catechin, p-coumaric acid, and luteolin-7-glucoside and withanolides	[14]
TiO2	Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings	Flavonoids	[213]
TiO2	Food samples	Myricetin	[214]
Fe3O4	Urine and blood	Luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol	[215]
TiO2	Flavonoids	Flavonoids	[216]
TiO2-SiO2	Quercetin, rutin	Quercetin, rutin	[217]
TiO2-SiO2	Quercetin	Quercetin	[218]
Au	Baicalin	Baicalin	[219]
Au	Naringin	Naringin	[220]
Au	Quercetin	Quercetin	[221]
Au	Hesperetin	Hesperetin	[222]
Au	Quercetin	Quercetin	[223]
Fe3O4	Quercetin	Quercetin	[224]
Fe3O4	Naringin	Naringin	[210]