Table 3.
Associations of childhood pneumonia with residential traffic in the logistic regression analyses.
| Indictors for Residential Traffic | OR, 95%CI (p-Value) a | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted Model 1 b | Adjusted Model 2 c | |
| Main traffic road near residence within 200 m | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.30, 1.15–1.47 (<0.001) | 1.23, 1.08–1.40 (0.002) | 1.21, 1.05–1.38 (0.007) |
| Linear distance between residence and the main traffic road | |||
| >200 m | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 101–200 m | 1.20, 0.97–1.47 (0.089) | 1.13, 0.91–1.41 (0.277) | 1.09, 0.87–1.37 (0.452) |
| 51–100 m | 1.34, 1.09–1.67 (0.007) | 1.33, 1.06–1.68 (0.013) | 1.30, 1.03–1.64 (0.030) |
| ≤50 m | 1.28, 1.06–1.55 (0.010) | 1.16, 0.94–1.42 (0.163) | 1.10, 0.90–1.36 (0.355) |
| Lane counts of the main traffic road near residence within 200 m | |||
| ≤2 lanes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3–5 lanes | 1.26, 0.97–1.64 (0.085) | 1.24, 0.93–1.66 (0.144) | 1.24, 0.92–1.68 (0.156) |
| ≥6 lanes | 1.34, 1.00–1.78 (0.050) | 1.32, 0.96–1.82 (0.087) | 1.40, 1.01–1.94 (0.045) |
| Heavy truck passed through the main traffic road near residence within 200 m | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.92, 0.74–1.14 (0.445) | 0.79, 0.63–1.01 (0.053) | 0.83, 0.65–1.06 (0.135) |
| Bedroom faced to the main traffic road near residence within 200 m | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.98, 0.79–1.22 (0.874) | 1.02, 0.81–1.28 (0.863) | 1.02, 0.81–1.29 (0.840) |
| Filling station near residence within 200 m | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.29, 0.97–1.72 (0.081) | 1.22, 0.89–1.66 (0.222) | 1.17, 0.85–1.61 (0.338) |
| Linear distance between residence and the filling station | |||
| >200 m | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 101–200 m | 0.91, 0.60–1.38 (0.648) | 0.89, 0.57–1.39 (0.615) | 0.87, 0.56–1.38 (0.567) |
| ≤100 m | 1.86, 1.25–2.77 (0.002) | 1.71, 1.10–2.65 (0.017) | 1.60, 1.02–2.52 (0.039) |
| Automobile 4S shop near residence within 200 m | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.59, 1.08–2.33 (0.018) | 1.76, 1.16–2.67 (0.008) | 1.43, 0.94–2.20 (0.098) |
| Linear distance between residence and the automobile 4S shop | |||
| >200 m | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 101–200 m | 1.45, 0.78–2.71 (0.238) | 1.80, 0.92–3.50 (0.086) | 1.52, 0.77–2.99 (0.223) |
| ≤100 m | 1.68, 1.03–2.73 (0.035) | 1.74, 1.03–2.95 (0.039) | 1.37, 0.80–2.35 (0.252) |
| Ground car park in the residential community | |||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.43, 1.26–1.62 (<0.001) | 1.24, 1.08–1.42 (0.002) | 1.20, 1.04–1.39 (0.014) |
| Average number of car parked in the ground car park per day | |||
| ≤20 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 21–50 | 1.26, 1.02–1.55 (0.034) | 1.21, 0.96–1.52 (0.100) | 1.24, 0.98–1.56 (0.075) |
| 51–100 | 1.29, 1.02–1.63 (0.035) | 1.21, 0.94–1.56 (0.146) | 1.25, 0.97–1.63 (0.088) |
| >100 | 1.53, 1.20–1.95 (0.001) | 1.41, 1.08–1.84 (0.011) | 1.49, 1.13–1.95 (0.004) |
a OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; Bold indicates significance (p-value < 0.05). b Multivariate logistic regression analyses with adjustment for the child’s sex, age, residence-located area, family history of atopy, residence ownership, breastfeeding duration, household dampness-related exposures, household ETS, and household renovation during early lifetime. c Two-level (kindergarten-child) logistic regression analyses with adjustment for the child’s sex, age, family history of atopy, residence ownership, breastfeeding duration, household dampness-related exposures, household ETS, and household renovation during early lifetime.