Table 1.
Participant characteristics by race/ethnicity.
| No. of Participants | Total | Non-Hispanic White | African American | Hispanic | Chinese American | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 264 | 84 | 56 | 65 | 59 | ||
| Age (SD) | 61.5 (9.7) | 61.3 (10.4) | 62.4 (9.1) | 60.7 (8.7) | 61.9 (10.2) | 0.78 |
| Male (%) | 149 (56.4) | 44 (52.4) | 24 (42.9) | 39 (60.0) | 42 (71.2) | 0.02 |
| BMI (SD) | 27.5 (5.4) | 27.1 (4.9) | 29.4 (5.6) | 29.7 (5.1) | 24.0 (3.9) | <0.01 |
| Study site (%): | <0.01 | |||||
| Winston-Salem, NC | 28 (10.6) | 15 (17.9) | 13 (23.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| New York City, NY | 44 (16.7) | 13 (15.5) | 10 (17.9) | 21 (32.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Baltimore, MD | 23 (8.7) | 14 (16.7) | 9 (16.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| St Paul, MN | 35 (13.3) | 13 (15.5) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (33.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Chicago, IL | 48 (18.2) | 14 (16.7) | 10 (17.9) | 0 (0.0) | 24 (40.7) | |
| Los Angeles, CA | 86 (32.6) | 15 (17.9) | 14 (25.0) | 22 (33.8) | 35 (59.3) | |
| iAs% (IQR) 1 | 4.2 (2.0, 6.7) | 4.4 (2.4, 6.5) | 3.5 (2.0, 5.8) | 3.6 (1.9, 6.5) | 5.1 (2.2–8.2) | 0.60 |
| MMA% (IQR) 1 | 10.3 (6.5, 14.9) | 9.8 (5.6, 14.4) | 12.0 (7.6, 16.0) | 8.8 (5.9, 13.2) | 10.7 (7.3–15.5) | 0.14 |
| DMA% (IQR) 1 | 85.5 (79.2, 89.8) | 85.9 (79.4, 90.3) | 83.6 (79.2, 86.9) | 86.6 (80.9, 91.2) | 85.2 (76.1, 89.5) | 0.15 |
| Sum of iAs, MMA, DMA (IQR) 1 | 3.2 (1.9, 5.5) | 2.3 (1.5, 4.2) | 2.6 (1.6, 4.3) | 3.8 (2.4, 6.1) | 4.9 (2.9, 7.1) | <0.01 |
| Total Ab (IQR) 1 | 4.7 (1.0, 18.1) | 5.4 (1.2, 17.9) | 3.4 (1.0, 16.8) | 4.7 (1.0, 18.4) | 5.7 (1.1, 25.0) | 0.90 |
| PC1 (IQR) 1 | 1.9 (−5.8, 7.4) | 2.5 (−6.4, 8.0) | −0.4 (−5.8, 3.8) | 2.8 (−3.7, 8.9) | 0.8 (−9.5, 7.0) | 0.15 |
| PC2 (IQR) 1 | 0.3 (−2.3, 2.7) | 0.1 (−2.4, 2.5) | 0.8 (−1.6, 3.2) | 0.1 (−2.8, 2.5) | −0.1 (−2.5, 1.9) | 0.47 |
Results presented as mean (SD), or median (IQR); SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; iAs, inorganic arsenic; MMA, monomethylarsonate; DMA, dimethylarsinate; Ab, arsenobetaine; PC1, principal components 1; PC2, principal components 2. 1 All arsenic species and sum estimates are adjusted for arsenobetaine.