Table 1.
Characteristics and Experiences of Immigrant Latina Transgender Women (n = 38) in the STROBE Study, Washington, DC, USA, 2017.
| Current Documentation Status | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Undocumented (n = 24) % (n) or Mean (SD) |
Documented (n = 14) % (n) or Mean (SD) |
t or χ2 | |
| Demographic Characteristics | |||
| Age, years (range: 22–50) | 32.1 (7.5) | 32.8 (6.6) | −0.29 |
| Highest Education Level | 1.97 | ||
| Less than high school | 54.2 (13) | 50.0 (7) | |
| High school | 20.8 (5) | 35.7 (5) | |
| Some college | 16.7 (4) | 14.3 (2) | |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 8.3 (2) | 0.0 (0) | |
| Unemployed | 20.8 (5) | 35.7 (5) | 1.01 |
| Income below federal poverty level | 91.3 (21) | 76.9 (10) | 1.44 |
| Health Insurance | 6.46 ** | ||
| Uninsured | 30.0 (6) | 7.7 (1) | |
| Public insurance | 70.0 (14) | 69.2 (9) | |
| Private insurance | 0.0 (0) | 9.1 (3) | |
| Unstable housing in previous 12 months | 91.7 (22) | 64.3 (9) | 4.41 ** |
| Immigration Experiences | |||
| Born in Central America | 100.0 (24) | 93.0 (13) | |
| Ever been in immigration detention | 50.0 (12) | 57.1 (8) | 0.18 |
| Among those detained, experienced abuse by another detainee | 33.3 (4) | 12.5 (1) | 1.11 |
| Among those detained, experienced abuse by a guard | 25.0 (3) | 50.0 (4) | 1.32 |
| Because of immigration status, stayed with a partner even when wanted to end the relationship | 16.7 (4) | 7.1 (1) | 0.70 |
| Type of Immigration Relief Applied For | n = 20 | n = 11 | 3.16 |
| Asylum | 90.0 (18) | 63.6 (7) | |
| U-Visa | 5.0 (1) | 18.2 (2) | |
| Temporary protected status (TPS) | 5.0 (1) | 18.2 (2) | |
| Depressive Symptoms | |||
| PHQ-2 sum (score range: 0–6) | 2.7 (1.6) | 1.4 (1.2) | 2.60 ** |
| Meets criterion for depression (PHQ-2 > 3) | 45.8 (11) | 15.4 (2) | 3.43 * |
| Lifetime suicidality | 58.3 (14) | 28.6 (4) | 3.14 * |
| Drug and Alcohol Use | |||
| Drug use past 12 months | 1.41 | ||
| Illicit drug use | 20.8 (5) | 14.3 (2) | |
| Marijuana only | 8.3 (2) | 21.4 (3) | |
| No drug use | 70.8 (17) | 64.3 (9) | |
| Audit-C (binary) | 75.0 (18) | 57.1 (8) | 1.31 |
| HIV Status | |||
| HIV-positive test result (OraQuick) | 25.0 (6) | 42.9 (6) | 1.30 |
| Social Stressors | |||
| Employment discrimination in lifetime | 83.3 (20) | 57.1 (8) | 3.13 * |
| Fear of deportation sum (score range: 16–64) | 42.0 (13.7) | 30.3 (12.3) | 2.50 ** |
| Lifetime psychological violence | 95.8 (23) | 92.9 (13) | 0.16 |
| Lifetime physical violence | 83.3 (20) | 64.3 (9) | 1.77 |
| Lifetime sexual violence | 54.2 (13) | 28.6 (4) | 2.34 |
| Psychological violence, past 12 months | 58.3 (14) | 57.1 (8) | 0.01 |
| Physical violence, past 12 months | 58.3 (14) | 35.7 (5) | 1.81 |
| Sexual violence, past 12 months | 16.7 (4) | 14.3 (2) | 0.04 |
| Coping Resources | |||
| Friends’ social support (range: 4–12) | 10.7 (2.5) | 11.1 (1.5) | −0.64 |
| Family social support (range: 4–12) | 10.0 (2.7) | 8.3 (3.5) | 1.71 * |
| Significant other social support (range: 4–12) | 11.3 (2.0) | 11.1 (2.2) | 0.25 |
| Resilience (range: 6–18) | 13.0 (3.4) | 13.4 (3.9) | −0.33 |
* p < 0.10; ** p < 0.05.