Table 1.
Baseline participant characteristics by condition (n = 327).
| Characteristic | AAR 1 + Control (n = 164) |
AAR + Counseling (n = 163) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent age, mean ± SD, years | 33.9 ± 9.2 | 32.7 ± 7.9 | NS 2 |
| Parent female gender, % | 81.1 | 85.9 | NS |
| Parent African American race, % | 84.1 | 82.2 | NS |
| Parent married/living with partner, % | 38.4 | 43.6 | NS |
| Parent education less than high school, % | 28.0 | 26.4 | NS |
| Parent income below poverty level, % | 78.7 | 78.5 | NS |
| Parent significant depressive symptoms 3, % | 50.0 | 52.1 | NS |
| Other smokers in home, % yes | 47.0 | 45.4 | NS |
| Smoking restrictions in home/car, % yes | 70.7 | 68.7 | NS |
| Cigarettes smoked daily near child, all sources, mean ± SD | 7.7 ± 7.8 | 8.6 ± 9.6 | NS |
| Cigarettes smoked per day near child by parent, mean ± SD | 5.6 ± 4.9 | 5.9 ± 5.2 | NS |
| Parent previously quit for at least 3 days in a row, % yes | 79.9 | 81.0 | NS |
| Parent nicotine dependence 4, mean ± SD | 4.0 ± 1.9 | 4.2 ± 2.0 | NS |
| Parent cigarettes smoked per day, mean ± SD | 10.7 ± 5.8 | 12.2 ± 8.9 | NS |
| Parent age started smoking, mean ± SD, years | 17.4 ± 3.5 | 17.4 ± 4.3 | NS |
| Child age, mean ± SD, months | 64.0 ± 33.9 | 64.5 ± 31.6 | NS |
| Child female gender, % | 47.0 | 51.5 | NS |
| Cotinine (log), mean ± SD | 1.24 ± 0.50 | 1.17 ± 0.53 | NS |
Notes: 1 AAR = “Ask, Advise, Refer”; 2 NS = not significant at p < 0.05, two-tailed; 3 Possible range 0 to 30, higher scores equal more depressive symptoms, and significant depressive symptoms defined as a score greater than or equal to 10 on the depressive symptoms measure; 4 Possible range 0 to 10, higher scores equal more dependence.