Table 2.
Estimated daily dietary intake of energy and macronutrients (as percentage of energy intake).
| Baseline | 8 Weeks | p † | p ‡ | p § | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
| Energy intake, kcal | 0.11 | ||||||
| Cod-PC | 2111 | 829 | 2422 | 798 | 0.011 | ||
| Cod-PCW | 2002 | 335 | 2239 | 576 | 0.068 | ||
| Control | 2033 | 602 | 2008 | 491 | 0.94 | ||
| Protein 1, E% | 0.30 | ||||||
| Cod-PC | 17 | 3 | 18 | 3 | 0.65 | ||
| Cod-PCW | 18 | 2 | 16 | 3 | 0.12 | ||
| Control | 18 | 3 | 18 | 3 | 0.77 | ||
| Fat, E% | 0.044 | ||||||
| Cod-PC | 38 | 11 | 39 | 7 | 0.21 | 0.22 A | |
| Cod-PCW | 40 | 7 | 36 | 5 | 0.037 | 0.24 B | |
| Control | 38 | 3 | 37 | 5 | 0.66 | 0.013 C | |
| Carbohydrates, E% | 0.20 | ||||||
| Cod-PC | 40 | 10 | 38 | 9 | 0.30 | ||
| Cod-PCW | 39 | 8 | 40 | 6 | 0.36 | ||
| Control | 37 | 5 | 39 | 5 | 0.24 | ||
| Dietary fibre, g | 0.56 | ||||||
| Cod-PC | 19 | 5 | 21 | 8 | 0.38 | ||
| Cod-PCW | 19 | 5 | 19 | 4 | 0.64 | ||
| Control | 17 | 4 | 18 | 5 | 0.56 | ||
Cod-PC, cod presscake meal; Cod-PCW, cod presscake and stickwater meal. Data presented as mean and standard deviation. The groups were similar at baseline (one-way ANOVA). Estimated energy intake is presented for 16 participants in the Cod-PC group, 14 participants in the Cod-PCW group, and 12 participants in the control group. Energy intake and fat E% were not normally distributed and were log-transformed prior to testing. † Within-group changes were tested using a paired sample T-test. ‡ Within-group changes were compared between groups using one-way ANOVA. § Changes within the Cod-PC group were compared with the control group (A), changes within the Cod-PCW group were compared with the control group (B), and changes within the Cod-PC group were compared with the Cod-PCW group (C) using the post hoc test least significant difference (LSD). p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. 1 Protein content from the intervention tablets was added to the estimated dietary intake before the eight-week visit.