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. 2018 Jun 15;7(6):154. doi: 10.3390/jcm7060154

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of betulin on RANKL-induced mRNA expressions of osteoclastic-specific genes. BMMs were treated with vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or betulin (3 μM) for 1 h, and then RANKL (10 ng/mL) and M-CSF (30 ng/mL) were treated for the indicated time periods. Total RNA was then isolated using a TRIzol reagent, and mRNA expression levels were evaluated by real-time PCR. The TRIzol reagents were used: (A) NFATc1; (B) DC-STAMP; (C) Cathepsin K; (D) TRAP. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the internal control. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 (n = 3).